AP Lang Vocab

Cultivated – Developed, improved, or refined, often through education or training. Can also mean prepared for raising crops (e.g., cultivated land).

Stratagems – Clever plans or schemes, especially those intended to outwit an opponent or achieve a specific goal.

Defiled – Made unclean or impure, often referring to moral or spiritual corruption or physical contamination.

Ascertaining – Finding out or learning with certainty; determining something with accuracy.

Conditioned – Trained or accustomed to respond in a certain way, often due to repeated experiences or exposure.

Enlightened – Having a deep understanding or insight, often free from ignorance, prejudice, or narrow-mindedness.

Disgraced – Having lost respect, honor, or reputation, often due to shameful behavior or actions.

Severity – Intensity or harshness, often referring to strictness or seriousness of a situation, behavior, or punishment.

Indignation – Strong displeasure or anger in response to something considered unjust, offensive, or unfair.

Impartiality – The quality of being fair and unbiased, not favoring one side over another.

Apathy – Lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern, especially toward things that others find important or engaging.

Obdurate – Stubbornly refusing to change one's opinion or actions; unyielding to persuasion or influence.

Availed – Used to one's advantage or benefited from; often used in the context of taking advantage of an opportunity.

Debasing – Lowering in quality, value, or moral character; degrading or corrupting.

Servile – Excessively willing to serve or please others; submissive or fawning.

Reproving – Expressing disapproval or criticism, often with the intent to correct or guide.

Commenced – Began or started something.

Cynical – Distrusting or skeptical of others' motives, often believing people are primarily motivated by self-interest