Cellular Respiration and Fermentation CH:9

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to cellular respiration and fermentation based on the lecture notes.

Cellular Respiration

The process in which cells break down organic molecules to generate ATP.

Photosynthesis

The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose.

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

The primary energy carrier in cells, used for powering cellular processes.

Fermentation

A metabolic process that partially degrades sugars without the use of oxygen.

Glycolysis

The metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP.

Citric Acid Cycle

A series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

Oxidative Phosphorylation

The final stage of cellular respiration where ATP is produced, powered by redox reactions via the electron transport chain.

Redox Reactions

Chemical reactions that involve the transfer of electrons between two substances, resulting in oxidation and reduction.

Oxidizing Agent

A substance that gains electrons and is thereby reduced in a chemical reaction.

Reducing Agent

A substance that loses electrons and is thereby oxidized in a chemical reaction.

NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)

A coenzyme that plays a crucial role in energy production by acting as an electron carrier during cellular respiration.

Pyruvate

The end product of glycolysis, which is further oxidized in cellular respiration.

Acetyl CoA

A molecule that is a key intermediate in metabolism, linking glycolysis to the citric acid cycle.