Chineese+Mexican Revolution History Quiz P1 Semestre 2

What were the background causes of the Mexican Revolution?

Social injustice, land and wealth concentrated in a few hands, lack of democracy and political rights, political repression, discrimination against workers and indigenous people, widespread poverty and illiteracy, lack of workers’ rights, monopolization of banks and credit, and an unequal economic model (“crecimiento hacia afuera”).

What was the immediate cause of the Mexican Revolution?

The Díaz–Creelman Interview, where Porfirio Díaz claimed Mexico was ready for democracy, encouraging opposition movements.

What role did Francisco I. Madero play?

He founded the Anti

What was the Plan de San Luis?

A call by Madero for armed revolt against Porfirio Díaz after fraudulent elections.

Who were the main revolutionary leaders besides Madero?

Pancho Villa and Pascual Orozco in the north, and Emiliano Zapata in the south.

What happened in 1911?

Revolutionary forces took Ciudad Juárez, Díaz resigned, left the country, and Madero became president after elections.

Why was Madero’s presidency unstable?

Zapata demanded immediate agrarian reform (Plan de Ayala), Orozco rebelled due to slow reforms, and the U.S. government viewed Madero as too conciliatory.

What was the Decena Trágica?

Ten tragic days in 1913 when rebels led by Félix Díaz and Bernardo Reyes overthrew Madero with Huerta’s betrayal.

What was the Pact of the Embassy?

An agreement between Félix Díaz and Victoriano Huerta, supported by the U.S. ambassador, to remove Madero and install Huerta as president.

What happened to Madero?

He and Vice President Pino Suárez were imprisoned and executed.

Who was Victoriano Huerta?

A military dictator who dissolved Congress, ruled repressively, and faced strong opposition.

What was the Plan de Guadalupe?

A plan led by Carranza, Villa, and Obregón demanding Huerta’s resignation.

What was the Warlords (Caudillos) period?

A phase of internal conflict between revolutionary factions, mainly Constitutionalists versus Villistas and Zapatistas.

What was the Battle of Celaya?

A decisive 1915 battle where Obregón defeated Villa, weakening Villista forces.

What role did Carranza play?

He became president, led the writing of the 1917 Constitution, and consolidated power.

What were key features of the 1917 Constitution?

Land redistribution, workers’ rights, limits on Church power, and strong presidential authority.

What happened to Zapata?

He was assassinated in 1919 by government forces.

How did Carranza fall?

Opposition culminated in the Plan de Agua Prieta; Carranza was killed while fleeing in 1920.

What happened to Pancho Villa?

He was assassinated in 1923 after retiring to private life.

What were the effects of the Mexican Revolution?

Creation of the 1917 Constitution, land reforms, workers’ rights, educational reforms, political restructuring, and massive social and economic devastation.

What events mark the Chinese Revolutionary period?

Fall of the Qing Dynasty, Xinhai Revolution (1911), Warlords Period, Communist Revolution, and establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949.

What caused the fall of the Qing Dynasty?

Opium Wars, Taiping Rebellion, Boxer Rebellion, Western imperialism, and internal decay of the dynasty.

What was the Xinhai (1911) Revolution?

A nationalist revolution led by Sun Yat

Who was Sun Yat

sen?

What was the ideology of the Xinhai Revolution?

Nationalism against foreign domination and the Qing Dynasty, aiming to create a democratic republic.

What problems did China face after 1911?

Political disunity, rule by regional warlords, foreign imperialism, internal wars, and poor infrastructure.

What was the Warlords Period?

A time (1912–1928) when regional military leaders fought for control of China.

What triggered the Chinese Communist Revolution?

Weak central government, inequality, peasant unrest, nationalist

Who were the main adversaries?

Mao Zedong (Communist Party) vs. Chiang Kai

What ideology guided the Communist Party?

Maoism, an adaptation of Marxism

How did Maoism differ from Marxism

Leninism?

How did Japanese invasions affect the revolution?

Fighting paused during Japanese invasions (1930s–1945), then resumed afterward.

When did the Communists win?

In 1949.

What happened in 1949?

Mao Zedong proclaimed the People’s Republic of China.

What happened to the Nationalists?

Chiang Kai

What were the political effects of the Chinese Revolution?

One

What were the economic effects?

Abolition of capitalism, state control of production, land redistribution, collectivized agriculture, nationalized industries.

What were the social effects?

Education reshaped to promote communist ideology, restricted civil liberties, increased legal equality for women.

What is the long-term result of the Chinese Revolution?

Mainland China became the People’s Republic of China, while Taiwan remained under Nationalist control.