motor development

what are stabilizing movements

actions that keep the body balanced and steady.

what are locomoter movment tasks

movements that transport the body from point A to point B.

hat are manipulative movement tasks

skills that involve controlling or moving an object.

What is meant by “age-related, not age-dependent”

children may reach developmental milestones at different ages based on individual growth trajectories.

Reflexive Phase:

This is the initial phase where infants exhibit reflexive movements in response to stimuli. These movements are involuntary and serve as survival mechanisms.

Rudimentary Phase:

Occurring from birth to about 2 years, this phase includes basic movements such as sitting, standing, and walking. It lays the groundwork for more complex motor skills.

Fundamental Phase:

the stage where children develop the basic movement skills that serve as building blocks for all future physical and sport skills.

Specialized Phase:

This phase begins around age 7 and continues into adolescence, where individuals refine their motor skills for specific sports or activities, leading to advanced performance.

The Triangulated Hourglass Model i

• illustrates the interconnectedness of various factors influencing motor development, including biological, environmental, and experiential elements.

• It emphasizes that motor development is not linear but rather a complex interplay of growth, learning, and adaptation.

When is the fetus structurally complete

the end of the second semester

What are primitive reflexes

involuntary movements that infants are born with,

postural reflexes

automatic, involuntary movements that help maintain body position,

"Perception"

the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information,

"perceptual motor"

refers to the coordinated ability to use sensory input to guide and control physical movement

Stability:

Involves balance and posture, foundational for all other movements

Locomotor

Encompasses movements that transport the body, such as walking and running

Manipulative:

Involves movements that require giving or receiving force to or from an object, crucial for developing coordination.

What is the proficiency barrier?

a concept in motor development suggesting that a minimum level of competence in fundamental movement skills (

specialized movment skills

advanced versions of fundamental movement patterns that have been refined and combined to perform complex, sport-specific tasks

What is the pace of growth during later childhood?

2-3 inches

What is peak height velocity

the period during adolescence when a child experiences their fastest rate of growth in stature

Positive spiral

Success → confidence → effort → more success.

Negative spiral

Struggle → doubt → withdrawal → more struggle.

According to SDT what are the 3 basic needs of individuals?

• Autonomy –

• Competence –

• Relatedness

whats the difference between skills and abilities

abilites- natural. skills- you have to learn

Motor control

=how movement happens.

Motor learning

how movement skills improve.

Motor development

how movement changes over time.

what area of study can be used as motor developemtn

movement sciences, health sciences, behavioral sciences, and biological sciences

Know what an open motor skill is

skills performed in changing, unpredictable environments that require adaptation.

what is a closed skill

stable, predictable environment

Describe the difference between performance and learning

• Performance = temporary, what you see now.

• Learning = permanent, what remains over tim

three types of transfers

• Positive transfer: Skill A → helps → Skill B

• Negative transfer: Skill A → hurts → Skill B

• Zero transfer: Skill A → no effect → Skill B

what is negative feedback

Negative feedback = information about errors that helps performers correct mistakes

what is postive feedback

Positive feedback = information about what was done correctly to reinforce good performance.