Grade 8 Geography Lesson Review: Industrialization, Urbanization, Agriculture, and Transportation

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture notes on industrialization, urbanization, agriculture, and transportation.

What is the effect of industrialization on manufacturing techniques?

Factories switch from old manufacturing techniques to modern technology, enabling mass production.

What does 'urbanization' refer to?

The movement of people from the country to the city, usually to find jobs.

What were the results of urbanization in poor countries?

Overcrowding, homelessness, and poverty.

What are urban cleanup programs?

Initiatives in Canada to improve the environment and make city living more comfortable.

What factors contributed to increased farm production during industrialization?

Amalgamation, mechanization, specialization, and scientific improvements.

What was the significance of the steam-powered train in transportation?

It allowed for year-round transportation and facilitated the shipping of raw materials and finished products.

How does machine production compare to cottage industry?

Machine production is fast and produces identical quality products, while cottage industry relies on handmade items and individual craftsperson quality.

What is one impact of mechanization on farm workers?

Many farm workers lost jobs as machines replaced human labor.