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Biodiversity
The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.
Ecosystem Diversity
The number of different ecosystems in a given area.
Species Diversity
The number and relative abundance of different species in a given area.
Genetic Diversity
The total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species.
Species Richness
The number of different species represented in a given region.
Relative Abundance
The proportion of different species in a community.
Species Evenness
When relative abundances of species are close to equal.
Bottleneck Event
An event that drastically reduces population size.
Inbreeding Depression
A reduction in fitness due to inbreeding in small populations.
Genetic Diversity Solution for Panthers
Introduce panthers from a population in Texas to increase genetic diversity.
Natural Disruption Recovery
A habitat with greater biodiversity has a higher chance of recovering after a natural disruption.
Ecosystem Services
The benefits provided by ecosystems to humans.
Cultural Services
Non-material benefits obtained from ecosystems, such as recreation and spiritual enrichment.
Provisioning Services
Products obtained from ecosystems, such as food, fresh water, and timber.
Supporting Services
Ecosystem services that maintain ecosystem function, such as nutrient cycling and habitat provision.
Regulating Services
Benefits obtained from the regulation of ecosystem processes, such as climate regulation and flood control.
Island Biogeography Theory
States that the size of an island and its distance from the mainland will determine its biodiversity.
Larger and Closer Islands
Larger and closer the island, the higher the biodiversity.
Ecological Range of Tolerance
The range of conditions in which a species can survive.
Natural Disturbance
A disturbance that occurs naturally, such as droughts or hurricanes.
Periodic Disturbance
A disturbance that occurs occasionally with regular frequency.
Unpredictable Disturbance
Unpredictable events, such as asteroid impacts.
Natural Disturbances Examples
Drought, hurricane, earthquake are examples of natural disturbances.
Adaptation
An organism’s ability to survive and reproduce in its environment.
Fitness Traits
Traits that increase an organism’s fitness.
Primary Succession
Begins on surfaces with no soil established.
Pioneer Species
The first species to appear in an area after a disturbance.
Secondary Succession
Begins after a disturbance on a surface that already has soil established.
Climax Community
A stable community that no longer goes through major ecological changes.
Disturbance Events for Primary Succession
Volcanic eruptions, severe landslides, glaciers melting.
Disturbance Events for Secondary Succession
Fire, abandoned farmland.
Pioneer Species Examples
Lichens and mosses are examples of pioneer species.
Ecological Succession Process
The process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time.
Climax Community Characteristics
Highly diverse, stable membership of species in a given ecosystem.
Connectivity in Ecosystem Resilience
How well ecosystems are connected can affect their resilience after disturbances.
Sustainable Practices
Practices that maintain natural resources without compromising ecosystem health.
Habitat Fragmentation
Breaking up ecosystems into smaller, isolated patches.
Ecosystem Restoration
Process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded.
Biodiversity Hotspots
Biogeographic regions with significant levels of biodiversity that are threatened.
Ecosystem Functioning
The intrinsic processes that maintain the ecosystem balance.
Biodiversity Conservation
Efforts to protect biological diversity and its associated ecosystems.
Community Interaction Types
Competition, predation, mutualism, and commensalism are examples.
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