Untitled Flashcards Set

Name: _____________________________________  Test Date: ________________

Environmental Science

Unit 2 STUDY GUIDE - Biodiversity

2.1 Biodiversity

Factors Taken into Account when Measuring Biodiversity

__________________________________: Number of different species

__________________________________: Percentage of each species in an ecosystem.

__________________________________: When relative abundances of species are close to equal.

Calculate the Richness and Abundance of the following communities:

Species Richness: ______ Species Richness: ______

Relative Abundance Relative Abundance

Crows: ______ Crows: ______

Eagles: ______ Eagles: ______

Robins: ______ Robins: ______

*Which community has the highest evenness? _________

Reduces Biodiversity

__________________________________: Event that drastically reduces population size.

__________________________________: after a bottleneck event, small populations may interbreed and pass along deleterious genes and have lower fertility rates.  Ex: florida panthers

*Solution for Panther inbreeding:  introduce panthers from a population in Texas to increase genetic diversity.

**Key concept: A habitat with greater biodiversity has a _______________________ chance of recovering after a natural disruption. 

2.2 Ecosystem Services

Cultural ______

Provisioning ______

Supporting ______

Regulating ______

For the examples (Provisioning, Cultural, Supporting, Regulating)

2.3 Island Biogeography

__________________________________: states that the size of an island and its distance from the mainline will determine its biodiversity.

*The ___________________ and __________________ the island, the __________________ the biodiversity. (more available habitats and more frequent migrations)

2.4 Ecological Range of Tolerance

Label the graph:

2.5 Natural Disturbances to Ecosystems

Types of Disturbances:

_________________________: disturbance that occurs occasionally with regular frequency, such as a wet and dry season in the savannas of Africa or night and day. 

_________________________: a disturbance that occurs with irregular frequency, such as a hurricane.

_________________________: unpredictable events, such as asteroid impacts.

Circle all of the disturbances that are NATURAL:

DEFORESTATION DROUGHT HURRICANE    POLLUTION   EARTHQUAKE

2.6 ADAPTATIONS

_______________________________ refers to an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce.

_______________________________ are traits that increase an organism’s fitness (ability to survive and reproduce)

*the pace of evolution is directly related to the lifespan of an organism. 

2.7 ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION

______________________________: the first species to appear when the ground is bare rock or bare soil after a disturbance. 

______________________________: begins on surfaces where no soil is established (bare rock).

*Events that would cause this type of succession: volcanic eruptions, severe landslides, glaciers melting

______________________________: begins after a disturbance on a surface that already has soil established.

*Events that would cause this type of succession: fire, abandoned farmland

____________________________ Succession

_____________________________ Succession

Pioneer species: _________

Climax Community: ________