GCSE AQA Geography - economic change

Flashcards reviewing key concepts from GCSE AQA Geography on Tectonic Hazards, covering economic changes, infrastructure, and regional development.

Economic Change

A shift in the structure of employment and production in a country, often involving deindustrialisation and growth in the tertiary and quaternary sectors.

Deindustrialisation

The decline of manufacturing industries due to globalisation, mechanisation, and competition from abroad.

Post-industrial Economy

An economy dominated by services and high-tech industries rather than manufacturing.

Quaternary Sector

Promotes innovation, research, and knowledge-based jobs that contribute to economic growth.

Science Parks

Sites often located near universities that support research, development, and high-tech industries.

Business Parks

Areas where businesses and offices are clustered together, usually on the outskirts of towns and cities.

Globalisation's Impact on the UK Economy

Increased trade and investment, but also job losses in manufacturing due to competition from abroad.

North-South Divide

The economic and social disparities between the more prosperous South and the less developed North of England.

Crossrail

A major infrastructure project to improve transport links across London and the South East.

Benefits of Crossrail

10% increase in London's rail capacity, reduced journey times, regeneration around stations, and improved accessibility.

Challenges of Major Infrastructure Projects

High costs (£19bn+), delays, disruption during construction, and environmental concerns.

Rural Economy Changes in the UK

Some rural areas experience decline, while others benefit from diversification, tourism, and improved transport links.

Transport Improvements

New roads, rail links, ports, and airports reduce travel times and connect regions more efficiently.