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Matter
Everything is made of this
Matter
Made of particles
Particles
atoms, molecules, ions, etc.
Matter
Particles in constant motion
Matter
Occupies a volume in space
Matter
has mass
Solid
requires strong force to be turned into particles
Solid
vibrates in fixed position
Liquid
takes shape of container (not fixed)
Liquid
requires weak forces to be turned into particles
Liquid
Vibrates, rotates, and translates
Gas
Expands and occupies available space (not fixed)
Gas
Requires almost no forces to be turned into particles
Gas
(faster than liquid) Vibrates, rotates, translates
Vibration and movement
(of particles) depends on temperature
Temp increases
KE avg increases
Kelvin
SI Unit for Temp
Absolute zero
0 on kelvin scale (-273 degrees Celsius)
Absolute zero
temperature at which all movement of particles stops
Kelvin
Celsius plus 273.15
273.15
number added to Celsius; Kelvin
Temp increases
Kinetic energy in particles increases; causing change in state
Endothermic reaction
Melting, Boiling (type of reaction)
Endothermic reaction
Energy transferred from environment
Temp decreases
Kinetic energy decreases, causing reversal of state
Exothermic Reaction
Condensation, Freezing (type of reaction)
Exothermic reaction
energy transferred to environment
no temp change
melting, boiling, condensing, freezing
energy
used to break/create attractive forces so change of state can occur
Sublimation
solid to gas
Deposition
Gas to solid
Matter
any substance that occupies space/and has mass
Mixture
combination of 2 or more pure substances that retain their individual properties (not chemically bonded
Pure substance
has definite and constant composition
Homogeneous mixture
has both uniform composition and uniform properties throughout
Homogeneous mixture
Salt water
Homogeneous mixture
Metal alloys
Heterogeneous mixture
has non uniform composition and varying properties
Heterogeneous mixture
Salad Dressing
Heterogeneous mixture
Paint
Heterogeneous mixture
Garden Soil
Element
made of atoms that have same atomic number
Element
simplest substance made of one type of atom
Compound
made of combination of atoms or ions in fixed ration having different properties from constituent elements
Ion
charged species
Anion
negatively charged ion
Cation
positively charged ion
s
solid abbreviation
l
liquid abbreviation
g
gas abbreviation
aq
aqueous abbreviation
Atom economy
measure of amount of starting materials that become useful products
High atom economy
less waster created and reaction has high efficiency
synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement
4 types of chemical reactions
complete and incomplete combustion
types of double displacement
Note 
Flashcard (30)