1.1 Intro to participate nature of matter and chemical change

Matter

Everything is made of this

Matter

Made of particles

Particles

atoms, molecules, ions, etc.

Matter

Particles in constant motion

Matter

Occupies a volume in space

Matter

has mass

Solid

requires strong force to be turned into particles

Solid

vibrates in fixed position

Liquid

takes shape of container (not fixed)

Liquid

requires weak forces to be turned into particles

Liquid

Vibrates, rotates, and translates

Gas

Expands and occupies available space (not fixed)

Gas

Requires almost no forces to be turned into particles

Gas

(faster than liquid) Vibrates, rotates, translates

Vibration and movement

(of particles) depends on temperature

Temp increases

KE avg increases

Kelvin

SI Unit for Temp

Absolute zero

0 on kelvin scale (-273 degrees Celsius)

Absolute zero

temperature at which all movement of particles stops

Kelvin

Celsius plus 273.15

273.15

number added to Celsius; Kelvin

Temp increases

Kinetic energy in particles increases; causing change in state

Endothermic reaction

Melting, Boiling (type of reaction)

Endothermic reaction

Energy transferred from environment

Temp decreases

Kinetic energy decreases, causing reversal of state

Exothermic Reaction

Condensation, Freezing (type of reaction)

Exothermic reaction

energy transferred to environment

no temp change

melting, boiling, condensing, freezing

energy

used to break/create attractive forces so change of state can occur

Sublimation

solid to gas

Deposition

Gas to solid

Matter

any substance that occupies space/and has mass

Mixture

combination of 2 or more pure substances that retain their individual properties (not chemically bonded

Pure substance

has definite and constant composition

Homogeneous mixture

has both uniform composition and uniform properties throughout

Homogeneous mixture

Salt water

Homogeneous mixture

Metal alloys

Heterogeneous mixture

has non uniform composition and varying properties

Heterogeneous mixture

Salad Dressing

Heterogeneous mixture

Paint

Heterogeneous mixture

Garden Soil

Element

made of atoms that have same atomic number

Element

simplest substance made of one type of atom

Compound

made of combination of atoms or ions in fixed ration having different properties from constituent elements

Ion

charged species

Anion

negatively charged ion

Cation

positively charged ion

s

solid abbreviation

l

liquid abbreviation

g

gas abbreviation

aq

aqueous abbreviation

Atom economy

measure of amount of starting materials that become useful products

High atom economy

less waster created and reaction has high efficiency

synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement

4 types of chemical reactions

complete and incomplete combustion

types of double displacement