MSK Review 1

What is A?

Frontal bone

What is B?

Squamous suture

What is C?

Lambdoid suture (1)

What is D?

Sagittal suture (1)

What is the question mark (1?)?

Bregma

What is A?

Sagittal suture

What is B?

Lambdoid suture

What is C?

Parietal foramen

What is the question mark (?)?

Lambda

Which part of the Cranium contains 4 unpaired & 2 paired bones (8)?

Neurocranium

What are the 4 unpaired bones of the Neurocranium?

Frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, & Occipital

What are the 2 paired bones of the Neurocranium?

Temporal & parietal

How many bones are in the Viscerocranium?

3 singular bones (midline) + 6 paired bones

What are the 3 singular bones (midline) of the Viscerocranium?

Mandible, ethmoid, & vomer

What are the 6 paired bones of the Viscerocranium?

Maxilla, inferior nasal concha, zygomatic, palatine, nasal, & lacrimal

What is the Coronal suture?

Joins the frontal bone & 2 parietal bones?

What is the Sagittal suture?

Joins the paired parietal bones

What is the Squamous suture?

Joins the parietal & temporal bones

What is the Lambdoid suture?

Joins the parietal bones with the occipital bone

Which Suture is the junction of the ==frontal, parietal, & temporal bones== in the lateral aspect of the skull?

Pterion

What is Scaphocephaly?

Sagittal suture problem that presents as a long, narrow skull

What is Oxycephaly?

Coronal suture problem that presents as a pointed skull

What is Trigonocephaly?

Frontal suture problem that presents as a triangular skull

What is Plagiocephaly?

Coronal suture problem that presents as an assymetrical skull

What is the last fontanelle to close?

Anterior fontanelle

The anterior fontanelle can be used to identify what in infants?

CSF in meningitis

Where is the Mandible connected to the Viscerocranium at?

Temporomandibular joint

The Head of the mandible is situated atop the vertical Ramus of the mandible which joins with what?

Body of the mandible at the mandibular angle

What structure is 1?

Stylomastoid foramen (1)

What structure is 2?

Jugular foramen (1)

What structure is 3?

Carotid canal (1)

What structure is 4?

Mastoid foramen (1)

What structure is 5?

Foramen magnum (1)

What structure is 6?

Hypoglossal canal (1)

What structure is 7?

Foramen ovale (1)

What structure is 8?

Foramen spinosum (1)

What structure is 9?

Foramen lacerum (1)

What is located in the petrous part of the temporal bone & has the ICA pass through?

Carotid canal

What is located between the mastoid & styloid process of the temporal bone & has CN VII pass through?

Stylomastoid foramen

What is located between the temporal & occipital bone posterior to the Carotid canal & has CNs IX, X, XI, internal jugular vein, & sigmoid sinus pass through?

Jugular foramen

What is located posterior to the mastoid process of the temporal bone & has the emissary vein from the sigmoid sinus pass through?

Mastoid foramen

What is located near the occipital bone & has the the spinal roots of CN XI, vertebral arteries, ant./post. spinal arteries, dural veins, medulla, & meninges pass through?

Foramen magnum

What is located anteromedial to occipital condyle of occipital bone & has the Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) pass through?

Hypoglossal canal

What is located near the Sphenoid (greater wing) & has the Middle meningeal artery & vein pass through?

Foramen spinosum

What is between the temporal (petrous portion) & sphenoid & has the ICA & its accompaning sympathetic & venous plexuses pass through?

Foramen lacerum

What is located near the Sphenoid (greater wing) & has the CN V3, accessory meningeal artery, lesser petrosal nerve, & emissary veins pass through?

Foramen ovale

What is the “S” in the SCALP layers?

Skin - hair follicles & sebaceous glands

What is the “C” in the SCALP layers?

Connective tissue - dense w/ arteries, veins, & nerves

What is the “A” in the SCALP layers?

Aponeurosis of occipitolfrontalis (galea aponeurotic)

What is the “L” in the SCALP layers?

Loose connective tissue - contains vessels

Why do Scalp lacerations bleed profusely?

Elastic fibers underlying the galea aponeurotica prevent initial vessel retraction

How can a scalp infection spread intracranially?

Galea aponeurotica (GA) is considered a main cause of intracranial infection through emissary veins bc a variety of the emissary veins travel through the GA

What is structure 1 & where does it emerge from?

CN VII (facial nerve) & pontine-medulla junction

What is structure 2 & where does it emerge from?

CN II (optic nerve) & cerebrum

What is structure 3 & where does it emerge from?

CN VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve) & pontine-medulla junction

What is structure 4 & where does it emerge from?

CN III (occulomotor nerve) & midbrain-pontine junction

What is structure 5?

CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve)

What is structure 6 & where does it emerge from?

CN IV (trochlear nerve) & posterior side of the midbrain

What is structure 7?

CN X (vagus nerve)

What is structure 8 & where does it emerge from?

CN V sensory root (trigeminal nerve) & pons

What is structure 9?

CN XI (accessory nerve)

What is structure 10 & where does it emerge from?

CN V motor root (trigeminal nerve) & pons

What is structure 11 & where does it emerge from?

CN VI (abducens nerve) & pontine-medulla junction

What is structure 12?

CN XII (hypoglossal nerve)

In **standing room only**, where does CN V1 (ophthalmic) exit through?

Superior orbital fissure

In **standing room only**, where does CN V2 (maxillary) exit through?

Foramen rotunda

In **standing room only**, where does CN V3 (mandibular) exit through?

Foramen ovale

What are the motor branches of CN VII (facial nerve)?

* Temporal
* Zygomatic
* Buccal
* Marginal mandibular
* Cervical

What does the Temporal branch of CN VII innervate?

Frontalis, orbicularis oculi, & corrugated supercilii

What does the Zygomatic branch of CN VII innervate?

Orbicularis oculi

What does the Buccal branch of CN VII innervate?

Orbicularis oris, buccinator, & zygomaticus

What does the Marginal mandibular branch of CN VII innervate?

Depressor labii inferioris, depressor anguli oris, & mentalis

What does the Cervical branch of CN VII innervate?

Platysma

What are the functions of the muscles of the Temporal branch of CN VII?

* Frontalis - elevating eyebrows & wrinkles forehead
* Orbicularis oculi - tighlty (o) & gently (p) close lids
* Corrugated supercilii - draws eyebrows together/frowning

What are the functions of the muscles of the Zygomatic branch of CN VII?

Orbicularis oculi - tighlty (o) & gently (p) close lids 

What are the functions of the muscles of the Buccal branch of CN VII?

* Orbicularis oris - close/protrude lips (kissing)
* Buccinator - cheeks
* Zygomaticus - pulls mouth superolaterally (major) & elevates upper lip & espose the maxillary teeth (minor)

What are the functions of the muscles of the Marginal mandibular branch of CN VII?

* Depressor labii inferioris - depresses lower lip inferolaterally
* Depressor anguli oris - pulls mouth inferolaterally (sad)
* Mentalis - elevates, everts, & protrudes lower lips & wrinkles chin

What are the functions of the muscles of the Cervical branch of CN VII?

Platysma - lowers inferior lip, depresses mandible, & tenses skin of the lower face & anterior of neck

What is structure 1?

Auricularis superior muscle

What is structure 2?

Auricularis anterior muscle

What is structure 3?

Epicranial aponeurosis (galea aponeurotica)

What is structure 4?

Corrugator supercillii muscle

What is structure 5?

Procerus muscle

What is structure 6?

Nasalis muscle

What is structure 7?

Zygomaticus major & minor muscles

What is structure 8?

Mentalis muscles

What is structure 9?

Depressor labi inferioris muscle

What is structure 10?

Depressor anguli oris muscle

What is structure 11?

Risorius muscle

What is structure 1?

Temporal branches of CN VII

What is structure 2?

CN VII

What is structure 3?

Zygomatic branches of CN VII

What is structure 4?

Buccal branches of CN VII

What is structure 5?

Marginal mandibular branches of CN VII

What is structure 6?

Cervical branches of CN VII

What is the **roof** of the Temporal fossa?

Temporal fascia of the Tempporalis

What is the **floor** of the Temporal fossa?

4 bones forming the pterion - frontal, greater wing of sphenoid, temporal, & parietal

What is the **anterior border** of the Temporal fossa?

Frontal + zygomatic bones

What is the **superior/posterior border**  of the Temporal fossa?

Temporal lines

What is the **inferior & lateral border** of the Temporal fossa?

Infratemporal crest & zygomatic arch