AP Psychology Unit 11: Testing and Individual Differences

Psychologists use __________ to assess individuals' mental aptitudes and compare them with those of others.

a. neural plasticity

b. reliability coefficients

c. intelligence tests

d. the g factor

e. achievement tests

c. intelligence tests

To assess whether intelligence is a single trait or a collection of several distinct abilities, psychologists have made extensive use of

a. the normal curve

b. criterion-based validation

c. standardization

d. reliability assessment

e. factor analysis

e. factor analysis

Who would have been most enthusiastic about the value of a single intelligence test score as an index of an individual's mental capacities

a. L.L. Thurstone

b. Charles Spearman

c. Howard Gardner

d. Robert Sternberg

e. B.F. Skinner

b. Charles Spearman

L.L. Thurstone identified seven clusters of primary mental abilities, including word fluency, memory, and inductive reasoning. He claimed that word fluency

a. underlies all of our intelligent behavior

b. is the most difficult mental ability to assess reliably

c. involves a different dimension of intelligence from that of reasoning

d. is not actually a form of intelligence

e. is negatively correlated with g

c. involves a different dimension of intelligence from that of reasoning

The characteristics of savant syndrome have been used to support

a. Spearman's belief in intelligence as onee general ability, or g factor

b. Thurstone's notion of social intelligence

c. Garnder's arguement for mulitple intelligence

d. Stern's original IQ formula

e. Binet's intelligence quotient formula

c. Gardner's argument for multiple intelligence

Howard Gardner is most likely to agree that the concept of intelligence includes

a. minimizing one's negative emotions

b. spatially analyzing visual input

c. eexperiencing positive self-esteem

d. behaving morally

e. effectively completing factor analysis

b. spatially analyzing visual input

When Andy becomes upset about getting a poor grade, he typically fails to realize that he feels scared. This lack of self-insight best illustrates an inadequate level of

a. the g factor

b. analytical intelligence

c. factor analysis

d. emotional intelligence

e. predictive validity

d. emotional intelligence

Although not notabbly heavirer or larger in total size than the typical Canadian's brain, Einstein's brain was 15% larger in the lower region of the

a. occipital lobe

b. cerebellum

c. parietal lobe

d. limbic system

e. medulla

c. parietal lobe

Environmental stimulation during childhood often contributes to the development of intelligence by altering the circuitry of the brain. this alteration illustrates

a. the Flynn effect

b. content validity

c. heritability

d. neural plasticity

e. intelligence quotient

d. neural plasticity

Brain size (adjusted for body size) is __________ correlated with intelligence. The speed of taking in perceptual information is __________ correlated with intelligence.

a. not; negatively

b. negatively; positively

c. postiviely; positively

d. negatively; not

e. negatively; negatively

c. positiviely; positively

Intelligence tests were initially designned by Binet and Simon to asses

a. academic aptitude

b. inductive reasoning

c. emotional intelligence

d. savant syndrome

e. heritability

a. academic aptitude

To determine whether a child's intellectual development was fast or slow, Binet and Simon assessed the child's

a. inductive reasoning

b. emotional intelligence

c. mental age

d. genetic predispositions

e. normal curve

c. mental age

Five-year-old Wilbur performs on an intelligence test at a level characteristic of an average 4-year-old. Wilbur's mental age is

a. 4

b. 4.5

c. 5

d. 80

e. 125

a. 4

A 12-year-old who responded to the original Stanford-Binet with the proficiency typical of an average 9-year-old was said to have an IQ of

a. 75

b. 85

c. 100

d. 1115

e. 133

a. 75

A 6-year-old who responded to the original Stanford-Binet with the proficiency typical of an average 8-year-old was said to have an IQ of

a. 75

b. 85

c. 100

d. 125

e. 133

e. 133

The eugenics movement would have been most likely to encourage

a. selective breeding of highly intelligent people

b. creatino of special education programs for intellectually inferior children

c. construction of culturally and racially unbiased tests of intelligence

d. use of factor analysis for identification of various types of intelligence

e. identification of lower IQ students in order to target more specific tutoring help

a. selective breeding of highly intelligent people

The final exam in aa caalculus course would be an example of a(n) __________ test.

a. aptitude

b. achievement

c. standaridized

d. general intelligence

e. diagnostic

b. achievement

Aptitude tests are specifically designed to

a. predict ability to learn a new skill

b. compare an individual's abilities with those of highly successful people

c. assess learned knowledge or skills

d. assess the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas

e.measure educaitonal achievement

a. predict abbility to learn a new skill

Molly has just taken a test of her capacity to learn to be a computer programmer. This is an example of a(n) __________ test.

a. validity

b. ahcievement

c. interest

d. aptitude

e. factor analysis

d. aptitude

The WAIS consists of separate __________ subtests.

a. intelligence and creativity

b. aptitude and achievement

c. practical and analytic

d. verbal and performance

e. emotions and reasoning

d. verbal and performance

When Brandon was told that he correctly answered 80% of the items on a math achievement test, he asked how his performance compared with that of the average test-taker. Brandon's concern was directly related to the issue of

a. standardization

b. predictive validity

c. reliability

d. content validity

e. factor analysis

a. standardization

A bell-shaped curve that characterizes a large sample of intelligence test scores is a graphic representation of a

a. factor analysis

b. normal distribution

c. heritability estimate

d. savant syndrome

e. g factor

b. normal distribution

About __________ percent of WAIS scores fall between 70 and 130

a. 10

b. 30

c. 60

d. 70

e. 95

e. 95

It would be reasonable to suggest that the Flynn effect is due in part to

a. the deteriorating quality of parental involvement in children's education

b. increasingly improved childhood health and nutrition

c. the decreasing reliance on a single test score as an index of mental aptitudes

d. the failure to restandardize existing intelligence tests

e. the lack of early childhood education in urban areas

b. increasingly improved childhood health and nutrition

Melinda completed the Computer Programming Aptitude Test when she applied for a position with Beta Electronics. Six months later, she took the same test when she applied for a position with another company. The fact that her scores were almost identical on the two occasions suggests that the test has a high degree of

a. content validity

b. reliability

c. predictive validity

d. standardization

e. stability

b. reliability

After learning about his low score on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Gunter complained, "I don't believe that test is a measure of intelligence at all." Gunter's statement is equivalent to saying that the WAIS lacks

a. standardization

b. reliability

c. validity

d. a normal distribution

e. factor analysis

c. validity

Older people's capacity to learn and remember meaningful material does not decline as much as their capacity to learn and remember meaningless material. This best illustrates the value of

a. concrete operational though

b crystallized intelligence

c. formal operational though

d. fluid intelligence

e. preconventional though

b. crystallized intelligence

In order to qualify for the office manager's job, 55-year-old Mariel must take a series of psychological tests. Her performance on the test of ____________ is likely to be poorer than if she had taken it as a 25-year-old.

a. general knowledge

b. spelling

c. abstract reasoning

d. vocabulary

e. verbal comprehension

c. abstract reasoning

The ability to learn a new computer software program is to __________ as knowledge of state capitals is to __________.

a. concrete operations; formal operations

b. formal operations; concrete operations

c. crystallized intelligence; fluid intelligence

d. fluid intelligence; crystallized intelligence

e. sensorimotor operations; fluid intelligence

d. fluid intelligence; crystallized intelligence

A condition involving intellectual disability caused by an extra chromosome in one's genetic makeup is known as

a. the Flynn effect

b.. functional fixedness

c. Down syndrome

d. savant syndrome

e. autism

c. down syndrome

"Gifted child" programs can lead to __________ by implicitly labeling some students as "ungifted" and isolating them from an enriched educational environment

a. standardization

b. the Flynn effect

c. factor analysis

d. self-fulfilling prophecies

e. savant syndrome

d. self-fulfilling prophecies

Which of the following observations provides the best evidence that intelligence test scores are influenced by environment?

a. Fraternal twins are more similar in their intelligence scores than are ordinary siblings

b. The intelligence scores of children are positively correlated with those of their parents

c. Identical twins are more similar in their intelligence scores than are fraternal twins

d. The intelligence scores of siblings reared together are positively correlated

e. Different national groups have different average intelligence scores

a. Fraternal twins are more similar in their intelligence scores than are ordinary siblings

The heritability of intelligence refers to

a. the extent to which an individual's intelligence is attributable to genetic factors

b. the percentage of variation in intelligence within a group that is attributable to genetic factors

c. the extent to which a group's intelligence is attributable to genetic factors

d. a general underlying intelligence factor that is measured by every task on an intelligence test

e. the extent to which the environment plays a role in the intelligence of biologically related siblings

b. the percentage of variation in intelligence within a group that is attributable to genetic factors

Children in an Iranian orphanage suffered delayed intellectual development due to

a. critical periods

b. telegraphic speech

c. a deprived environment

d. savant syndrome

e. Down syndrome

c. a deprived environment

Research indicates that Head Start programs

a. contribute to dramatic and enduring gains in the participants' intelligence test scores

b. yield the greatest benefits for participants coming from intellectually stimulating home environments

c. reduce the likelihood that participants will repeat grades or require special education

d. generally are not cost effective in improving student achievement

e. improve analytical intelligence but not practical intelligence

c. reduce the likelihood that participants will repeat grades or require special education

On which of the following tasks are males most likely to outperform females?

a. speed-reading

b. interpreting literature

c. learning a foreign language

d. mentally rotating three-dimensional objects

e. verbally interpreting motives of a fictional character

d. mentally rotating three-dimensional objects

The intelligence test scores of today's better-fed population __________ the scores of the 1930s population.

a. are higher than

b. are lower than

c are equal to

d. can't be compared with

e. are more variable than

a. are higher than

Blacks have been found to score lower on tests of verbal aptitude when tested by Whites than when tested by Blacks. This best illustrates the impact of

a. standardization

b. savant syndrome

c. emotional intelligence

d. stereotype threat

e. the Flynn effect

d. stereotype threat

Of the following who best illustrates Sternberg's concept of analytical intelligence?

a. Trudy, a high school student who receives lower grades in physical education than in any other course

b. Freda, a business executive who effectively motivates her sales staff

c. Wilma, a school teacher who refuses to pay taxes because they are used to develop new weapons

d. Selma, a fifth-grader, who solves complicated mathematical problems in record time

d. Selma, a fifth-grader who solves complicated mathematical problems in record time