Neolithic Era

New Stone

Neolithic means …

10,000-3,500 BCE

When was the Neolithic Era

Gradual

The transition from “Old Stone” to “New Stone” was …

Domestication of plants and animals

What was the Neolithic era?

Agricultural Revolution

Secondary title for the Neolithic Era

Ice Age ending, better climate

Why did the Neolithic Era start?

Fertile Crescent

Where did agriculture first appear?

Middle East — Egypt and Mesopotamia

Where was the Fertile Crescent?

First civilizations and writing

What first occurred in the Fertile Crescent besides agriculture?

Selecting the best “strain” or genetic copy

What was domestication?

High yield, resistance to drought, nutritious, short growing season

Good qualities in crops

Wolves

First animals to be domesticated

Sheep, goats, pigs, cattle

Other animals to be domesticated

Around 9,000 BCE

When were the first animals domesticated?

Keep the docile animals, kill the rest

How were animals domesticated?

Population increase

First result of the domestication of plants and animals

Complex communities

Second result of the domestication of plants and animals 

Surplus of food production if fortunate

Third result of the domestication of plants and animals 

Specialization of labor

Fourth result of the domestication of plants and animals 

New technology

Fifth result of the domestication of plants and animals 

Early forms of leadership

Sixth result of the domestication of plants and animals 

Work health and security changes

Downside of domestication of plants and animals

Work changes

Agriculture was more time consuming

Health changes

Sickness from close proximity to both animals and humans, crops didn’t provide all the necessary u tríenos compared to hunter-gatherer diet, agriculture a was hard on the human body

Security changes

People knew where others were at all times and they may have wanted to steal people’s resources

Co-dependency

Domesticated animals were now reliant on humans

Secondary products

Products for which the animal does not need to be killed

Environmental impacts

Depleting nutrients in the soil, increased salt levels from irrigation, deforestation

Latitudinally

Agriculture was easier to spread …

Pastoralism

Nomadic animal herding

Early Arabs, Mongols

First Pastoralism

Egalitarian

Pastoralist societies were …