Coaching

Visual Guidance

• Demonstration

• Creates mental image

• Maintain motivation and confidence

• Could be confusing

Verbal Guidance

• Explanation of the task

• Usually used with a visual

• Creates mental image

Manual Guidance

• Involves physical support (holding for a gymnast)

• May involve forced response

• Eliminates danger but may become over reliant

Mechanical Guidance

• Device used to help performance (armbands in swimming)

• Become dependent or too much interference

Positive Feedback

• Offers motivation

• Boosts confidence

• Identify what is good

• No feedback to improve

• Could sound insincere if repetitive

Negative Feedback

• Not as pleasant

• Intention to give performer information as to what is going wrong

• Encourages them to try again

• May be upsetting

Stages of Learning

Cognitive - Learning. First Stages. Fails often. High attentional demand

Associative - Able to complete skill with some minor errors. More accuracy

Autonomous - Successful almost every time. Must continue to practice to keep the skill fluent and automatic

Mental Practice

• Talking to oneself

• Positive or negative

• Part of warm up

• Internal = looks at performance from within

• External = imagining an image of self

• Improves confidence

• Reduce anxiety

• Stimulate muscles receptors

• Prepare reactions

• Help cognitive function

• Help when returning from injury