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right to equality
art. 14~18
right to freedom
art. 19~22: right to various freedoms
right against exploitation
art. 23: prohibits forced labour, work w/out payment, or immoral traffic in women and children. art. 24: prohibits employment of children below 14 in factories and mines
right to freedom of religion
art. 25~28: guarantee religious freedom
cultural and educational rights
art. 29 and 30: protect religious and cultural rights of minorities.
right to consitutional rememdies
art. 32: citizens who think their fundamental rights have been denied to them can move to supreme court or high court.
fundamental duties
42nd amendment act, 1976: 11 duties. ex. abide by the constitution and respect its ideals and instituions, national flag, and national anthem to uphold and protect the sovereignty and integrity of india to value and preserve our rich culture and heritage to protect our national environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife
3 Significant Keys of constitution
guard against the misuse of authority by our political leaders. dominant group does not use its power against less powerful people or groups. protect us against decisions that could have an effect on the larger principles that the country believes in.
How constitution?
A group of 300 people became members of the Constituent Assembly in 1946 and had written India’s Constitution
Federalism
political system where powers to govern are divided into the central level, state level, Panchayati Raj at the village level. The Constitution details the issues that each tier of government can make laws on. Union List, State List, Concurrent List
Union List
defence, foreign affairs, war, peace
State List
police, local government, land, etc.
Parliamentary Form of Government
The people of India have a direct role in electing their representatives. Also, every citizen of the country, irrespective of his/her social background, can contest in elections
Seperation of powers
The legislature: make laws for the country and states and elected representatives The executive: is a smaller group of people who are responsible for implementing laws and running the government. The judiciary: refers to the system of courts in India, interprets laws and punishes violaters of laws. Each organ mentioned above acts as a check on the other organs of government. This ensures the balance of power between all three
Fundamental Rights
The constitution guarantees the rights of individuals against the State as well as against other individuals. It also guarantees the rights of minorities against the majority. Chapter 3, articles 12
The Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution include
Right to Equality Right to Freedom Right against Exploitation Right to Freedom of Religion Cultural and Educational Rights Right to Constitutional Remedies
Every citizen claim
fundamental rights.
Fundamental rights must be
binding upon every authority that has got the power to make laws.
The Constitution also has a section called
Directive Principles of State Policy which ensure greater social and economic reforms, and serve as a guide to the independent Indian State to institute laws and policies.
Secularism
A secular state is one in which the state does not officially promote any one religion as the state religion.
Note 
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