Biology Q2 Flashcards Study Guide

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40 Terms

1

What is Anatomy in biology?

The study of physical structures of living things.

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2

What does Botany study?

The study of plants.

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3

What is Chronobiology?

The study of natural physiological rhythms of organisms, including cycles or biorhythms.

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4

Define Cytology.

The study of the function of plants and animal cells.

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5

What is Ecology?

The study of the environment.

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6

What does Embryology focus on?

The study of development; birth.

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7

Define Entomology.

The study of insects.

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8

What does Genetics study?

The study of genes and DNA.

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9

What is Herpetology?

The study of reptiles and amphibians.

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10

What does Histology study?

The study of microscopic tissues and organs.

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11

Define Ichthyology.

The study of fish.

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12

What is Microbiology?

The study of microscopic organisms.

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13

What does Mycology focus on?

The study of fungi.

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14

Define Ornithology.

The study of birds.

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15

What is Paleontology?

The study of ancient life through fossils.

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16

What does Pathology study?

The study of disease and diagnosis.

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17

What is Pharmacology?

The study of the effect of drugs on organisms.

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18

Define Physiology.

The study of how the human body works, including organs and organ systems.

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19

What is Scatology?

The study of feces.

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20

Define Serology.

The study of blood serum and immunological factors.

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21

What does Taxonomy study?

The study of the classification of organisms.

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22

What is Zoology?

The study of animals.

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23

List one characteristic of living things.

All organisms are made up of cells and function through cells.

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24

What is homeostasis?

The ability of cells and organisms to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.

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25

Define passive transport.

The movement of materials across a cell membrane without the use of energy.

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26

What is diffusion?

The movement of anything from a region of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

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27

Define osmosis.

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

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28

What occurs during cytolysis?

The bursting of a cell due to excessive intake of water.

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29

Define endocytosis.

Taking in material by enclosing it in a vesicle.

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30

What do autotrophs do?

They are capable of producing their own food.

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31

What is photosynthesis?

The process by which plants, algae, and certain bacteria produce food by capturing light energy.

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32

What are the two types of nucleic acids?

DNA and RNA.

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33

What is the role of ribosomes?

Protein synthesis; they assemble amino acids to form proteins.

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34

What is glycolysis?

The first stage of cellular respiration that breaks down glucose into pyruvate.

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35

Define mitosis.

A process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells.

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36

What are purines and pyrimidines?

Families of nitrogenous bases in nucleic acids: purines include Adenine (A) and Guanine (G), while pyrimidines include Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Uracil (U).

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37

What are essential amino acids?

Amino acids that cannot be made by the body and must be obtained from the diet.

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38

What is the fluid mosaic model?

A model that describes the structure of the cell membrane as a mosaic of diverse protein molecules floating in a fluid lipid bilayer.

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39

Define symbiotic relationships.

Interactions between different species, including parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism.

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40

What is the structure of DNA?

A double helix formed by nucleotides consisting of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base.

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