Biology Q2 Flashcards Study Guide

What is Anatomy in biology?

The study of physical structures of living things.

What does Botany study?

The study of plants.

What is Chronobiology?

The study of natural physiological rhythms of organisms, including cycles or biorhythms.

Define Cytology.

The study of the function of plants and animal cells.

What is Ecology?

The study of the environment.

What does Embryology focus on?

The study of development; birth.

Define Entomology.

The study of insects.

What does Genetics study?

The study of genes and DNA.

What is Herpetology?

The study of reptiles and amphibians.

What does Histology study?

The study of microscopic tissues and organs.

Define Ichthyology.

The study of fish.

What is Microbiology?

The study of microscopic organisms.

What does Mycology focus on?

The study of fungi.

Define Ornithology.

The study of birds.

What is Paleontology?

The study of ancient life through fossils.

What does Pathology study?

The study of disease and diagnosis.

What is Pharmacology?

The study of the effect of drugs on organisms.

Define Physiology.

The study of how the human body works, including organs and organ systems.

What is Scatology?

The study of feces.

Define Serology.

The study of blood serum and immunological factors.

What does Taxonomy study?

The study of the classification of organisms.

What is Zoology?

The study of animals.

List one characteristic of living things.

All organisms are made up of cells and function through cells.

What is homeostasis?

The ability of cells and organisms to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.

Define passive transport.

The movement of materials across a cell membrane without the use of energy.

What is diffusion?

The movement of anything from a region of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Define osmosis.

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

What occurs during cytolysis?

The bursting of a cell due to excessive intake of water.

Define endocytosis.

Taking in material by enclosing it in a vesicle.

What do autotrophs do?

They are capable of producing their own food.

What is photosynthesis?

The process by which plants, algae, and certain bacteria produce food by capturing light energy.

What are the two types of nucleic acids?

DNA and RNA.

What is the role of ribosomes?

Protein synthesis; they assemble amino acids to form proteins.

What is glycolysis?

The first stage of cellular respiration that breaks down glucose into pyruvate.

Define mitosis.

A process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells.

What are purines and pyrimidines?

Families of nitrogenous bases in nucleic acids: purines include Adenine (A) and Guanine (G), while pyrimidines include Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Uracil (U).

What are essential amino acids?

Amino acids that cannot be made by the body and must be obtained from the diet.

What is the fluid mosaic model?

A model that describes the structure of the cell membrane as a mosaic of diverse protein molecules floating in a fluid lipid bilayer.

Define symbiotic relationships.

Interactions between different species, including parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism.

What is the structure of DNA?

A double helix formed by nucleotides consisting of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base.