ESS Unit 6.2

Inputs

• Solar Radiation: Provides the energy for photochemical reactions that create and destroy ozone.

• Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODSs): Released into the atmosphere from various human activities.

processes

• Ozone Formation: Oxygen molecules (O2) are split by UV radiation into oxygen atoms (O), which then combine with other oxygen molecules to form ozone (O3).

• Ozone Depletion: ODDs, particularly chlorine and bromine atoms, catalyze the breakdown of ozone into oxygen.

Stores

• Stratospheric Ozone: The primary store of ozone in the atmosphere.

• ODSs: Stored in the atmosphere for many years.

CFCs

Chlorofluorocarbons

HCFCs

Hydrochlorofluorocarbons

what are the ODS

• Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs

• Methyl Bromide

• Halons

• Carbon tetrachloride

• Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)

Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODSs)

Chemicals that contribute to ozone depletion.

Stratospheric Ozone

A layer of ozone gas in the stratosphere that absorbs harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.

Ozone Depletion

The thinning of the ozone layer due to the release of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) into the atmosphere.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

Refrigerators, air conditioners, aerosol propellants.

Methyl Bromide

Pesticides, fumigants.

Halons

Fire extinguishers.

Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)

Refrigerants, air conditioners, foam blowing agents.

How does UV radiation affect life on Earth?

UV radiation can cause skin cancer, cataracts, and suppress the immune system in humans. It can also damage plants and marine ecosystems.

How does ozone protect life from UV radiation?

Ozone absorbs UV radiation, preventing it from reaching the Earth's surface.

Explain the chemical reactions involved in ozone depletion.

ODDs, such as CFCs, release chlorine atoms into the stratosphere. These chlorine atoms catalyze the breakdown of ozone into oxygen.

What is the Montreal Protocol?

An international agreement designed to phase out the production and use of ODDs.

Evaluate the effectiveness of the Montreal Protocol in addressing ozone depletion.

Consider factors such as international cooperation, scientific understanding, and technological advancements.

What are some of the challenges in implementing the Montreal Protocol?

Discuss issues such as illegal trade of ODDs, economic impacts, and the need for ongoing monitoring.

effects of Ozone depletion on humans

Increased UV radiation can lead to skin cancer, cataracts, and weakened immune systems.

What are the economic impacts of ozone depletion?

increased healthcare costs, reduced agricultural productivity, and damage to infrastructure.

How does ozone depletion affect agriculture?

Reduced crop yields, lower quality of agricultural products, and damage to forests.

How does ozone depletion affect plants?

Increased UV radiation can damage plant tissues, reduce photosynthesis, and stunt growth.