Lecture Notes Review: Personality, Development, and Social Influence

These flashcards cover key concepts related to personality, development theories, defense mechanisms, and social psychology based on the lecture notes.

What is the definition of personality according to the lecture?

Personality is the unique and relatively stable combination of qualities that makes a person different from others, encompassing their characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior.

What are the three parts of Freud's structural model of the mind?

The three parts are the Id, Ego, and Superego.

What is the pleasure principle according to Freud?

The Id is governed by the pleasure principle, which seeks immediate gratification of desires.

What are Freud's developmental stages and their corresponding ages?

Oral (0-1 years), Anal (1-3 years), Phallic (3-6 years), Latency (6-12 years), Genital (12+ years).

What is a defense mechanism in psychology?

Unconscious psychological mechanisms that may arise from something unacceptable or potentially harmful.

What is Carl Jung's concept of the collective unconscious?

A shared consciousness that all of humanity has inherited from the experiences of our ancestors.

What does Erik Erikson emphasize in his psychosocial development theory?

Erikson focuses on the entire lifespan and outlines eight key stages of development, each with its own conflict.

What is the premise of humanistic psychology?

Humanistic psychology emphasizes that personality depends on individual perceptions and beliefs about the world.

What is the hierarchy of needs proposed by Abraham Maslow?

A model that ranks human needs in a pyramid from physiological needs at the base to self-actualization at the top.

Define the term 'Cognitive Dissonance'.

The psychological tension experienced when holding inconsistent cognitions, often leading individuals to change their thoughts or justify their behavior.

What is the Fundamental Attribution Error?

It is the tendency to overestimate the influence of dispositional factors in others’ behaviors while underestimating situational influences.

What is the purpose of the MMPI test?

The MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) is used to measure various personality dimensions.

What does the 'Big Five' personality traits model include?

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism.

What is meant by Self-Serving Bias?

The tendency to attribute successful outcomes to internal causes and unsuccessful ones to external causes.

How does the Barnum Effect relate to personality assessments?

It describes how individuals perceive vague and general personality descriptions as highly accurate for themselves.

What is the aim of the Asch Conformity Study?

To investigate how social pressure from a majority group can influence an individual to conform.

What is the main conclusion of the Milgram Obedience Experiment?

That individuals are willing to obey authority figures to the extent of administering potentially lethal electric shocks.

What characterizes Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

Chronic levels of anxiety at baseline, and concerns over low-probability events.

What distinguishes a panic attack from panic disorder?

A panic attack is a single episode of intense fear, while panic disorder involves repeated episodes of such attacks.