Ap Euro study

Humanism

A Renaissance intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements, emphasizing classical texts and values.

The Reformation

A religious movement in the 16th century that led to the establishment of Protestant churches and the reform of the Catholic Church.

The Enlightenment

An intellectual movement in the 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional authority.

The French Revolution

A period of radical social and political change in France from 1789 to 1799, which led to the end of monarchy and rise of democracy.

Unit 1: The Renaissance - Key Features

A revival of classical learning and arts, humanism, and advancements in science and literature.

Unit 1: Notable Figures

Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Erasmus, who contributed significantly to art and literature.

Unit 1: Impact of the Printing Press

Revolutionized the spread of knowledge, leading to increased literacy and the dissemination of Renaissance ideas.

Unit 2: Causes of the Reformation

Corruption in the Catholic Church, the sale of indulgences, and the rise of humanist ideas.

Unit 2: Martin Luther's 95 Theses

List of criticisms against the Catholic Church that sparked the Reformation.

Unit 2: Protestant Sects

Lutheranism, Calvinism, and Anglicanism emerged as major branches of Protestantism.

Unit 3: Age of Exploration - Motivations

Economic, religious, and political motivations drove European exploration and colonization.

Unit 3: Significant Explorers

Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama, and Ferdinand Magellan, whose voyages expanded European influence.

Unit 3: Impact on Indigenous Populations

Colonization resulted in the exploitation and decline of indigenous populations through disease and warfare.

Unit 4: Key Ideas of the Enlightenment

Reason, empiricism, and the belief in progress shaped modern political and philosophical thought.

Unit 4: Notable Philosophers

John Locke, Voltaire, and Rousseau who challenged traditional authority and advocated for civil rights.

Unit 4: Consequences of Enlightenment Thought

Influenced revolutions and the development of democratic ideals in Europe and the Americas.

Unit 5: Causes of the French Revolution

Social inequality, economic hardship, and influence of the Enlightenment ideas.

Unit 5: Key Events

Storming of the Bastille, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, and the Reign of Terror.

Unit 5: Napoleonic Era

Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte and his impact on the spread of revolutionary ideals across Europe.

Unit 6: Industrial Revolution - Key Changes

Shift from agrarian economies to industrialized urban centers with technological innovations.

Unit 6: Social Impacts

Urbanization, changes in labor conditions, and the emergence of a new social class: the working class.

Unit 6: Reform Movements

Labor unions and movements advocating for workers' rights and social reforms arose during this period.

Unit 7: Nationalism - Definition

A political ideology that emphasizes the interests and culture of a particular nation.

Unit 7: Key Nationalist Figures

Giuseppe Garibaldi in Italy and Otto von Bismarck in Germany promoted nationalism in their nations.

Unit 7: Impact on Europe

Nationalism led to the unification of Italy and Germany and contributed to tensions leading to WWI.

Unit 8: Causes of World War I

Militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism created a volatile European landscape.

Unit 8: Major Fronts

Western Front characterized by trench warfare, while the Eastern Front featured more mobile battles.

Unit 8: Treaty of Versailles

The peace treaty that ended WWI, imposing harsh reparations on Germany and altering national borders.

Unit 9: Interwar Years - Economic Issues

The Great Depression led to economic hardships and political instability across Europe.

Unit 9: Rise of Totalitarian Regimes

Fascism in Italy, Nazism in Germany, and Stalinism in the Soviet Union gained power during this period.

Unit 9: Causes of World War II

Expansionist policies of totalitarian regimes and unresolved issues from WWI set the stage for conflict

Unit 1: What was a key feature of Humanism during the Renaissance?

A) Emphasis on classical texts B) Focus on religious teachings C) Strict adherence to tradition

Unit 1: Who is often considered a notable figure of the Renaissance known for his art and inventions?

A) Michelangelo B) Karl Marx C) Thomas Hobbes

Unit 2: What were the main causes of the Reformation?

A) Political instability B) The sale of indulgences C) Technological advancements

Unit 2: What document did Martin Luther famously post to challenge the Catholic Church?

A) The Declaration of Independence B) The Bill of Rights C) The 95 Theses

Unit 3: What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?

A) A treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War B) An agreement dividing newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal C) A contract establishing trade routes to Asia

Unit 3: What was a major consequence of exploration on indigenous populations?

A) Increased wealth for indigenous leaders B) Decline due to disease and exploitation C) Cultural exchange and coexistence

Unit 4: What did Enlightenment thinkers promote?

A) Emphasis on tradition B) Authority of the monarchy C) Reason and individual rights

Unit 4: Who is known for the idea of a social contract?

A) Rousseau B) Voltaire C) Adam Smith

Unit 5: What was one major outcome of the French Revolution?

A) Restoration of absolute monarchy B) Introduction of the Napoleonic Code C) Establishment of a British-style parliament

Unit 5: What was the Reign of Terror?

A) A peaceful period of governance B) A time of mass executions against perceived enemies of the revolution C) A successful peace treaty with other nations

Unit 6: What was a significant change brought about by the Industrial Revolution?

A) Decline in urban population B) Shift to industrialized urban centers C) Return to agrarian economies

Unit 6: Which of the following was a response to the Industrial Revolution?

A) Formation of labor unions B) Isolationism C) Expansion of feudal systems

Unit 7: What role did Giuseppe Garibaldi play in Italy?

A) He was the king during unification B) He was a military leader advocating for Italian unification C) He opposed nationalism

Unit 7: What did Bismarck's Realpolitik focus on?

A) Ideological purity B) Practical goals and state interests C) International diplomacy

Unit 8: What were the major causes of World War I?

A) Economic cooperation B) Militarism and alliances C) Global peace initiatives

Unit 8: What characterized the Eastern Front during WWI?

A) Trench warfare B) More mobile battles C) Naval engagements

Unit 9: What was a significant effect of the Great Depression?

A) Economic stability B) Rise of extremist political movements C) Increase in international trade

Unit 9: What type of governance characterized totalitarian states?

A) Federalist democracy B) Centralized control and suppression of dissent C) Balanced power among branches of government

Unit 9: What action marked the beginning of World War II?

A) The signing of the Treaty of Versailles B) The Invasion of Poland by Germany C)