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Gamete
A haploid sex cell that contains only one allele of each gene.
Phenotype
The characteristics of an organism or its outward appearance.
Locus
The particular position of a gene on homologous chromosomes.
Allele
One specific form of a gene.
Recessive
An allele that only has an effect on the phenotype when present in the homozygous state.
Heterozygous
Having 2 different alleles of a gene.
Zygote
A diploid cell produced by the fusion of two gametes that contains two alleles for each gene.
Chromosome
A structure made of DNA and protein containing many genes.
Genome
The total genetic information of an organism.
Genotype
The alleles of an organism
Carrier
An individual that has one copy of a recessive allele, causing a genetic disease in homozygous individuals.
Dominant
An allele that has the same effect on the phenotype when present in either the homozygous or heterozygous state.
Homozygous
Having 2 identical alleles of a gene.
Gene
A heritable factor that controls a specific characteristic.
SNP
A difference in one or a few nucleotide bases that occupy the same gene locus on the chromosome.
