Antebellum Developments(1800-1854)

Rapid Expansion

What was the central idea during this time?

A feeling of power

What did industrialization lead to?

War of 1812

Military conflict between the US and Great Britain. War started due to British violations of US maritime rights and ended with the Treaty of Ghent

Sectionalism

Devotion to the interests of a specific region of section of a country

Nationalism

Identification and pride with one’s own nation(country)

Era of good feelings- 1815 to 1824

Followed the Jeffersonian era. Marked by a sense of nationalism and patriotism following the war of 1812.

James Monroe

Which president is associated with the Era of good feelings?

Missouri compromise

Admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state in 1820

Virgina and Kentucky resolutions- Jefferson and Madison

State resolutions that challenged the constitutionality of the Alien and Sedition acts

American System- early 19th century

Proposed by Henry Clay aiming to promote national economic growth through a combo of protective tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements such as infrastructure development

Judiciary Acts

Divided the country in judicial districts and set up courts in each one

Midnight judges

Judicial appointments made by President John Adams’s to preserve the Federalist influence in the federal government during the Jeffersonian tenure. 16 judges were added to the judiciary act of 1801.

Elastic clause(necessary and proper clause)

Gives congress the flexibility to enact laws necessary for executing its powers

Force act of 1832

First federal law to officially deny the individual states right to disregard or override federal laws or to secede from the union

Treaty of New Echota-1835

Ceded to the us all Cherokee lands east of the Mississippi River for 5million. Used by the US to justify the forced removal of Cherokee leading to the trail of tears. Deemed unconstitutional

“Bank Wars” Andrew Jackson vs Nicholas Biddle

Struggle that developed over the issue of recharging the second national bank during the presidency of Andrew Jackson.

Cotton Gin-1793(Eli Whitney)

Machine that separates cotton fibers from their seeds.

Fultons steamboat- “Clermont”-1807

The first commercially successful steamboat. Inaugurated a new era in water transportation.

Lowell Mills

19th century textile mills that operated in the city of Lowell, Massachusetts. Named after Francis Cabot Lowell who introduced the Lowell System( manufacturing system). Lowell mill girls→dangerous

Market Revolution- 1815-1860

Characterized by a shift from a substance economy to a more commercial and industrial economy. Driven by technological innovations such as the telegraph, steam engine, Railroads, turnpike, and canals

Charles G. Finney

Who is associated with the second great awakening?

Temperance movement

Advocates for the reduction or prohibition of alcohol consumption. Aimed to promoted moderation and complete abstinence.

Abolition prison/Asylum(Grimke sisters)

Movement to reduce or eliminate prisons and the prison system, replacing them with system of rehabilitation and eduction that do not focus on punishment.

Seneca Falls

Town that had a large abolitionist presence consisting most notably of women including Susan B Anthony and Elizabeth Stanton. Declaration of sentiments- demanded equal rights for women including the right to vote.

Mormon Settlement-1850-1890(Joseph Smith)

Established by Latter-day Saints who were part of the LDS church in western North America.

Transcendentalism-19th century(Emerson)

Philosophical, spiritual, and literary movement. Developed in New England and emphasizes the inherent goodness of people and nature. Belief in the supremacy of insight over logic and experience.

Brook farm society-1841

Experimental commune and agriculture cooperative established by Utarian minister George Riley in Massachusetts. Part of the Transcendental movement. Belief that the five senses are the highest source of knowledge.

Shakers

Protestant sect founded in England in 1747. Tight religious communities that observed celibacy( voluntarily being unmarried and sexually abstinent)

California and Oregon

Which states were annexed during this time?

Monroe Doctrine-1823

U.S Foreign policy which opposed European colonialism in the Western Hemisphere.

Embargo Act-1807

Legislation enacted by congress and authorized by Thomas Jefferson. Prohibited American ships from trading with foreign nations. Led to economic hardship for merchants and was repealed in 1809.

Impressment

Enforcement of military or naval service on unwilling men through crude and violent methods.

Roosevelt corollary-1904-05

Justified US intervention in the internal affairs of Latin American countries. Extension of the Monroe Doctrine.