Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland Overview

These flashcards cover the structure, function, and related conditions of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, important for understanding their roles in the endocrine system.

What is the location of the hypothalamus?

The hypothalamus is located at the base of the brain, just above the brainstem and below the thalamus.

What are the main functions of the hypothalamus?

It maintains homeostasis by regulating the autonomic nervous system and controlling the endocrine system through its connection with the pituitary gland.

What are the components of the pituitary gland?

The pituitary gland consists of the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) and the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis).

What hormones are produced by the anterior pituitary?

Growth hormone (GH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), prolactin (PRL), gonadotropins (LH and FSH), and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).

What are releasing hormones and give an example?

Releasing hormones stimulate the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary, e.g., Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH).

What does oxytocin do?

Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions during labor and milk ejection during breastfeeding.

What is diabetes insipidus?

A condition caused by insufficient ADH production leading to excessive urination and dehydration.

What condition can result from hypothalamic tumors?

Hypothalamic tumors can lead to hormone imbalances, obesity, or visual disturbances.

What is the structure of the anterior pituitary?

The anterior pituitary consists of glandular tissue with clusters of cells called chromophils and chromophobes.

What is the role of the posterior pituitary?

The posterior pituitary stores and releases hormones, such as ADH and oxytocin, that are produced in the hypothalamus.