Radiography Must study

Production of radiographs by exposure of receptor to x-rays

Radiography

Form of energy carried by waves or a stream of particles

Radiation

Any person who positions, exposes, and processes x-ray image receptors

Radiographer, dental

photographic image produced on a receptor by the passage of x-rays through teeth and related structures

Radiograph, dental

Beam of energy with power to penetrate substances & record image shadows on photographic film

X-ray

High-energy radiation produced by collision of beam of electrons with a metal target in x-ray tube

X-radiation

Science of radiation as used in medicine

radiology

Production of radiographs of teeth and adjacent structures by the exposure of image receptors to x-rays

Radiography, dental

2-D representation of 3-D object

Radiograph

Developed 1st x-ray tube

Coolidge

Introduced long-cone paralleling technique

Fitzgerald

Exposed 1st dental radiograph in the U.S (living patient)

Kells

Used paralleling technique in practical dental radiography

McCormack

Exposed 1st dental radiograph in the U.S (skull)

Morton

Introduced bisecting technique

price

Wrote 1st dental text

Raper

Discovered x-rays

Roentgen

Wrote 1st paper on the danger of x-radiation

Rollins

-passionate about radiation protection

Exposed 1st dental radiograph

Walkhoff

-exposed himself for 25 mins

When were x-rays discovered

1895 by Wilhelm Roentgen

_____ is one of the most important uses of dental images

Disease detection

Importance of dental images

-allows for instant review and transmission of images

-reduces patient exposure

-improves diagnostic potential

Dental images are used to confirm or classify ___

suspected disease

Dental images are used to ___

Localize lesions or foreign objects

Dental images are used to proved information during

Dental procedures

Dental images are used to evaluate

growth and development

Dental images are used to illustrate changes secondary to

Caries, PDL disease, and trauma

Dental images are used to document conditions of a patient

At a specific point in time

Dental images are used to aid in development of

clinical treatment plan

Which regulates the flow of electrical current to the filament of the x-ray tube?

Low-voltagetransformer

Which is used to increase the voltage in the high voltage circuit?

Step-up transformer

Which doesn't occur when the high-voltage circuit is activated

X-rays travel from filament to target

Which is the location where x-rays are produced?

Positive anode

Which is the location where thermionic emission occurs?

Negative cathode

Which amounts for 70% of all x-ray energy produced at the anode

General radiation

Which occurs at 70kV or higher and amounts for a very small part of the x-rays produced in the dental x-ray machine

Characteristic radiation

Which describes primary radiation

Radiation that exist in the Tubehead

Which describes radiation scatter

Radiation that has been deflected from its path by interaction with matter

Which type of scatter occurs more often with dental x-rays

Compton

The portion of a dental image that appears dark or black is termed:

Radiolucent

The portion of a dental image that appears light or white is termed

Radiopaque

Which appears most radiolucent on a dental image?

air space

Which appears most radiopaque on a dental image?

-Bone

-enamel

-dentin

The overall blackness or darkness of an image is termed:

Density

Increasing milliamperage results in

Increase in density; image appears darker

Increasing The operator kV will cause

Increase in density; image will appear darker

Increasing The exposure time will cause

an increase in density; the image appears darker

A dental patient has thick soft tissues and dense bones. To compensate for this increase in subject thickness and provide a film of diagnostic density, the dental radiographer may

-increase exposure time

-increase MA

-increase kV

The difference in degrees of densities between adjacent areas on dental image is termed

Contrast

A dental image that demonstrates many shades of gray is said to have

Low contrast

A dental image that demonstrates very dark areas and very light areas is sad to have

High contrast

The one exposure factor that has direct influence on the contrast of a dental image is

Kv

The type of contrast preferred in dental image is

A compromise between short scale contrast and long scale contrast

The stepwedge is not used for

Increase the penetrating quality of an x-ray beam

The capability of the receptor to produce distinct outlines of an object is termed

Sharpness

The unsharp or blurred edges seen on an image are termed.

Penumbra

The geometric characteristic that refers to an image that appears of larger than its actual size is termed

Magnification

The variation in the true size and shape of the object being imaged is termed

Distortion

Decreased focal spot=

Increases sharpness

Increased crystal size =

Decrease sharpness

Decreased crystal size =

Increases sharpness

decreased movement =

increased sharpness

Increased movement =

Decreases sharpness

Increase target-receptor distance=

decrease magnification

increased object-receptor distance=

Increases magnification

object and receptor are parallel =

Decrease distortion

beam perpendicular to object and receptor

Decrease distorion

Beam parallel to object and receptor

Increase distortion

Flow of electron in X-ray tube

From cathode -> andoe

(CATNAP)

Diagnostic image

ideal dental image -proper density and contrast

-are of the same shape and size as the object -exposed

-and have sharp outlines

Degree of darkness on x-ray

Density

The collimated regulates the x-ray to ensure that it doesn't exceed ___in diameter

2.75

How many film are commonly used to expose a full mouth series

18

What type of type of crystals are found in the emulsion of the film

Silver halide

At what temp should unexposed film be stored

50-70 F

Radiation that is deflected from its path as it strikes matter(form of secondary radiation)

Scatter

What determines the quality or penetrating power of the central beam

KV

Which practices should be practiced when exposing radiographs

ALARA

Collimated is AKA

Lead diaphragm

Film size used for occlusal exposures

4

Film size commonly known as adult size

2

Purpose of black paper in film packet

Prevent moisture from reaching film

The cathode has a _______ charge.

negative

What determines amount or quantity of electrons

Ma

most sensitive to radiation

Reproductive cells and thyroids

Effects of radiation are

Comulative

What in film emulsion regulates speed of film

Crystal size

Small area on the tungsten target where electrons hit is called the ___

Focal spot

What did roentgen take X-rays on

His wife

Radiographs are what type of info

Indispensable

Only person who can diagnose

Dentist

Coiled wires made of tungsten which produce electrons when heated

Tungsten filament

Which exhibits high contrast

B

Which exhibits low contrast

A

Which exhibits long-scale contrast

A

Which exhibits short-scale contrast

B

Which exhibits no contrast

C

How fast do x-rays travel?

speed of light

--in short wavelengths with high frequency

X-ray sensor aka

Image receptor

Short scale is impo for:

Looking for dental caries