Untitled Flashcards Set

Who coined the term 'white collar crime' and proposed his theory could explain the phenomenon?

Sutherland

Which scholar brought Procedural Justice to the forefront of the law/legal context?

Tyler

Which scholars put 'life course criminology' on the map with their 1993 book?

Sampson & Laub

Who came up with a theory known as 'dual taxonomy'?

Moffit

Which scholars developed the concept known as 'punishment avoidance'?

Stafford & Warr

What theory suggests that perceived certainty and severity impact behavior?

Deterrence

Which theory suggests that the age-crime curve is made up of 2 distinct groups of offenders?

Dual Taxonomy

What theory suggests compliance works through personal morality and/or legitimacy?

Procedural Justice

Which perspective focuses on childhood socialization, adolescence, and adulthood?

Life-course criminology

What is the practice of creating WOW lists of the most violent offenders before notifying them through offender 'call-in' meetings?

Focused Deterrence and/or Pulling Levers

What type of data is collected at one point in time?

Cross-sectional

What type of data is usually focused on numbers and provides close-ended response sets?

Quantitative

What type of data uses a sample followed with repeated measures over time?

Longitudinal

What type of data allows for open-ended responses from respondents?

Qualitative

Which type of data is absolutely necessary for life-course criminology research?

Longitudinal

What type of deterrence suggests that those who get caught and punished will be less likely to offend in the future?

Specific Deterrence

Which element of deterrence performs the worst in empirical tests?

Severity

What type of deterrence should apply broadly, impacting everyone from law-abiding people to active offenders?

General deterrence

What types of sanctions dominate discussions of and tests of deterrence theory?

Formal, legal sanctions

What are the two strongest, most predictive factors of crime and law-abiding behavior under the deterrence framework?

Certainty & threat of non-legal sanctions

Procedural justice is viewed as a ______ framework, opposite of deterrence.

Normative

What avenue of compliance is largely ignored in Procedural Justice theory?

Personal morality

What avenue of compliance is the focal point of Procedural Justice theory?

Legitimacy or perceived legitimacy

What is the idea that negative experiences are more important than positive ones?

Asymmetry Hypothesis

By contrast to Procedural Justice theory, deterrence is viewed as a(n) ______ framework.

Instrumental

What is the name for the period of time when offending behavior begins?

Onset

What is a path of life moving in a single direction, either positively or negatively?

Trajectory

What things are known to redirect trajectories?

Turning points

What phenomenon suggests crime peaks during adolescence and young adulthood?

Age-crime curve

Which scholars proposed a theory of desistance that combines elements of sociological and agentic factors?

Giordano & colleagues

Who proposed an agentic theory of desistance?

Maruna

Which scholars proposed a sociological theory of desistance?

Sampson & Laub

What positive thoughts and beliefs suggest offenders are in control of their own destiny?

Redemption scripts

What negative thoughts and beliefs harm offenders and make them feel powerless?

Condemnation scripts

What two concepts studied by Sampson & Laub encompass all potential options for law-abiding and offending behavior?

Continuity and change

Who started the discussion of white-collar crime?

Sutherland

Which general theory of crime has been proposed to apply to white-collar offending?

Differential Association (DA)

Who is considered the most prolific white-collar offender of all time?

Bernie Madoff

What are the two primary agencies in charge of policing and investigating white-collar crime?

IRS & SEC

What is the two-pronged criteria that suggests something is a white-collar crime?

Committed by a person of respectable status; Committed in the course of one’s occupation

Which scholar was dead set against theoretical integration?

Hirschi

What method of improving theories involves starting from scratch?

Invention

What method of improving theories involves adding onto already established ideas?

Elaboration

What method of improving theories involves combining elements of two or more theories?

Integration

Which two theories did Kim and colleagues combine?

Social disorganization & deterrence

What are examples of micro theories in criminology?

Self-control, DA/SL, and GST

What are examples of macro theories in criminology?

Chicago/social disorganization and classic anomie

What type of integration combines elements from different units of analysis?

Micro and macro

What type of integration increases theoretical depth, where the final stages of theory 1 are the beginning of theory 2?

End-to-end

What is a quantitative metric that measures explained variance in the outcome variable?

R-squared