Amino Acids

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Last updated 11:32 PM on 4/1/26
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34 Terms

1
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<p>Describe amino acids, including chirality, stereochemistry, number, and shape</p>

Describe amino acids, including chirality, stereochemistry, number, and shape

  • 20 common proteogenic (in proteins) amino acids

  • all chiral except glycine

  • all L

  • have an alpha carboxylic acid/carboxylate, alpha C with an attached R group, and alpha amine/amino group

<ul><li><p>20 common proteogenic (in proteins) amino acids</p></li><li><p>all chiral except glycine</p></li><li><p>all L</p></li><li><p>have an alpha carboxylic acid/carboxylate, alpha C with an attached R group, and alpha amine/amino group</p></li></ul><p></p>
2
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<p>What are the pKas of the amine and carboxylic acid of amino acids? What does this mean at a physiological pH of 7.4?</p>

What are the pKas of the amine and carboxylic acid of amino acids? What does this mean at a physiological pH of 7.4?

  • amine - pka = 9.5 (HA form; NH3+)

  • carboxylic acid - pH =2 (A- form; usually O-)

<ul><li><p>amine - pka = 9.5 (HA form; NH3+)</p></li><li><p>carboxylic acid - pH =2 (A- form; usually O-)</p></li></ul><p></p>
3
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<p>What is a zwitterion?</p>

What is a zwitterion?

net neutral molecule that has charges

<p>net neutral molecule that has charges</p>
4
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<p>What’s unique about glycine?</p>

What’s unique about glycine?

  • only achiral amino acid

  • R group is just H

  • small, so conformationally flexible

<ul><li><p>only achiral amino acid</p></li><li><p>R group is just H</p></li><li><p>small, so conformationally flexible</p></li></ul><p></p>
5
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<p>What’s unique about proline?</p>

What’s unique about proline?

  • alpha C is within a ring

  • 2’ amine affect ability to H bond

  • conformationlly inflexible

<ul><li><p>alpha C is within a ring </p></li><li><p>2’ amine affect ability to H bond</p></li><li><p>conformationlly inflexible</p></li></ul><p></p>
6
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<p>What’s unique about histidine?</p>

What’s unique about histidine?

R group (N closest to alpha C) has a pka of 6.1; can be deprotonated easily

<p>R group (N closest to alpha C) has a pka of 6.1; can be deprotonated easily</p><p></p>
7
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<p>What’s unique about cysteine?</p>

What’s unique about cysteine?

2 cysteines can covalently bond and form a disulfide bond

<p>2 cysteines can covalently bond and form a disulfide bond</p>
8
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<p>What’s unique about FWY amino acids?</p>

What’s unique about FWY amino acids?

  • aromatic, giving protein a characteristic absorbance at 280nm

  • tryptophan is most important for absorbance

<ul><li><p>aromatic, giving protein a characteristic absorbance at 280nm</p></li><li><p>tryptophan is most important for absorbance</p></li></ul><p></p>
9
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<p>What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?</p>

What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?

  • Alanine (A)

  • nonpolar

<ul><li><p>Alanine (A)</p></li><li><p>nonpolar</p></li></ul><p></p>
10
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<p>What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?</p>

What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?

  • Arginine (R)

  • charged R

<ul><li><p>Arginine (R)</p></li><li><p>charged R</p></li></ul><p></p>
11
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<p>What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?</p>

What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?

  • Asparagine (N)

  • polar but uncharged

<ul><li><p>Asparagine (N)</p></li><li><p>polar but uncharged </p></li></ul><p></p>
12
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<p>What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?</p>

What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?

  • Aspartate (D)

  • charged R

<ul><li><p>Aspartate (D)</p></li><li><p>charged R </p></li></ul><p></p>
13
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<p>What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?</p>

What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?

  • Cysteine (C)

  • polar but uncharged

  • sulfur containing

<ul><li><p>Cysteine (C)</p></li><li><p>polar but uncharged</p></li><li><p>sulfur containing</p></li></ul><p></p>
14
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<p>What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?</p>

What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?

  • Glutamate (E)

  • Charged R

<ul><li><p>Glutamate (E)</p></li><li><p>Charged R</p></li></ul><p></p>
15
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<p>What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?</p>

What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?

  • Glutamine (Q)

  • Polar but uncharged

<ul><li><p>Glutamine (Q)</p></li><li><p>Polar but uncharged </p></li></ul><p></p>
16
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<p>What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?</p>

What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?

  • Glycine (G)

  • nonpolar

<ul><li><p>Glycine (G)</p></li><li><p>nonpolar</p></li></ul><p></p>
17
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<p>What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?</p>

What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?

  • Histidine (H)

  • charged R

<ul><li><p>Histidine (H)</p></li><li><p>charged R</p></li></ul><p></p>
18
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<p>What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?</p>

What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?

  • Isoleucine (I)

  • nonpolar

<ul><li><p>Isoleucine (I)</p></li><li><p>nonpolar</p></li></ul><p></p>
19
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<p>What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?</p>

What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?

  • Leucine (L)

  • nonpolar

<ul><li><p>Leucine (L)</p></li><li><p>nonpolar</p></li></ul><p></p>
20
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<p>What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?</p>

What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?

  • Lysine (K)

  • charged R

<ul><li><p>Lysine (K)</p></li><li><p>charged R </p></li></ul><p></p>
21
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<p>What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?</p>

What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?

  • Methionine (M)

  • sulfur containing

  • nonpolar

<ul><li><p>Methionine (M)</p></li><li><p>sulfur containing</p></li><li><p>nonpolar</p></li></ul><p></p>
22
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<p>What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?</p>

What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?

  • phenylalanine (F)

  • aromatic

<ul><li><p>phenylalanine (F)</p></li><li><p>aromatic</p></li></ul><p></p>
23
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<p>What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?</p>

What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?

  • Proline (P)

  • nonpolar

<ul><li><p>Proline (P)</p></li><li><p>nonpolar </p></li></ul><p></p>
24
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<p>What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?</p>

What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?

  • Serine (S)

  • polar but uncharged

<ul><li><p>Serine (S)</p></li><li><p>polar but uncharged</p></li></ul><p></p>
25
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<p>What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?</p>

What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?

  • Threonine (T)

  • polar but uncharged

  • alcohol

<ul><li><p>Threonine (T)</p></li><li><p>polar but uncharged</p></li><li><p>alcohol</p></li></ul><p></p>
26
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<p>What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?</p>

What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?

  • Tryptophan (W)

  • aromatic

<ul><li><p>Tryptophan (W)</p></li><li><p>aromatic</p></li></ul><p></p>
27
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<p>What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?</p>

What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?

  • Tyrosine (Y)

  • alcohol

  • polar but uncharged

<ul><li><p>Tyrosine (Y)</p></li><li><p>alcohol</p></li><li><p>polar but uncharged</p></li></ul><p></p>
28
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<p>What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?</p>

What amino acid is this (including abbreviation)? How is it categorized?

  • Valine (V)

  • nonpolar

<ul><li><p>Valine (V)</p></li><li><p>nonpolar</p></li></ul><p></p>
29
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What are the nonpolar amino acids?

  • GLAM VIP

  • Glycine (G)

  • Leucine (L)

  • Alanine (A)

  • Methionine (M)

  • Valine (V)

  • Isoleucine (I)

  • Proline (P)

30
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What amino acids are classified as alcohols?

  • STY

  • Serine (S)

  • Threonine (T)

  • Tyrosine (Y)

31
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What amino acids are classified as sulfur-containing?

  • SM

  • Serine (S)

  • Methionine (M)

32
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What amino acids are classified as aromatic?

  • FWY

  • Phenylalanine (F)

  • Tryptophan (W)

  • Tyrosine (Y)

33
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What amino acids are classified as side chains may be charged?

  • DEKHR

  • DE -

  • KHR +

  • Aspartate (D)

  • Glutamate (E)

  • Lysine (K)

  • Histidine (H)

  • Arginine (R)

34
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What amino acids are classified as polar but unchargest?

  • SCQTN

  • Serine (S)

  • Cysteine (C)

  • Glutamine (Q)

  • Threonine (T)

  • Asparagine (N)

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