tap 7.5-7.6

Lusitania

British passenger liner Germany sunk on May 7, 1915. Most passengers drowned including 128 Americans. Wilson sent Germany a diplomatic message saying they would be held with strict accountability if they continue to sinking ships. Brian was objected this and resigned from cabinet

Sussex pledge

Germany promised not to sync merchant or passenger ships without giving warning

Edward house

Colonial from Texas; Wilson's Chief foreign policy advisor who was sent to London, Paris, and Berlin to negotiate peace settlement

Zimmerman telegram

March 1, US found a secret offer made by Germany to Mexico. British intelligence intercepted this letter from German foreign minister; said Mexico allied with Germany and Germany would help the Mexican get back Mexican cession

American expeditionary force

Armed Forces the US sent Europe during World War I

John j Pershing

Commanded the AEF

14 points

Wilsons detailed list of war aims designed it to address causes of World War I and prevent another world war

Article X

Called on each member nation to stand ready to protect the independence and territorial integrity of other nations

Henry Cabot lodge

Leading Senate Republican who gave Wilson hostility regarding treaty of Versailles

Reservationist

Group led by lodge; said would except league if Certain reservations were added to the covenant

Railroad administration

William mCadoo headed; took a public control of the railroads to coordinate traffic and promote standardized railroad equipment

George creel

Journalist who took charge of committee on public information

Espionage act 1917

Provided imprisonment of up to 20 years for persons who tried to insight rebellion in the arm forces or obstructed the draft

Sedition act of 1918

Prohibited anyone for making disloyal or abusive remarks about the US government

Shenck v United States 1919

Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of espionage act in case involving man who had been distributing pamphlets against the draft. Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes concluded right to free speech could be limited when it represent a danger to public safety

Great migration

African Americans migrated north from the south because of bad race relations, destruction of cotton crops, and limited economic opportunities

Red scare

Anti-Communist hysteria in US; scared of rise of communism in US

Xenophobia

Fear/dislike of foreigners; fueled by anti-Communist fears/lead to immigration restrictions

Palmer raids

November 1919 through January 1920, 6000 people arrested based on limited criminal evidence. Most suspects were foreign born and 500 deported; resulted from unexplained bombings; lead by attorney general a mitchel palmer

Strikes of 1919

First major in Seattle in February. 600,000 union has joined shipyard workers on strike for higher pay. Boston police striked in September over firing of officers. US steel workers striked in September as well