Unit 2: Period 2, 1607 - 1754 - Chapter 2

Cecil Calvert, Lord Baltimore

1694 he was the founder of Maryland, a colony which offered religious freedom and a refuge for the persecuted Roman Catholics
Religion (SOC)

Act of Toleration

a 1649 Maryland law that provided religious freedom for all Christians

Religion (SOC)

Roger Williams

A dissenter who clashed with the Massachusetts Puritans over separation of church and state and was banished in 1636, after which he founded the colony of Rhode Island to the south

Religion (SOC)

Providence

(colony founded by Roger Williams in 1636) recognized Native Americans' rights and paid them for use of their land, and government-provided complete religious toleration.

Religion (SOC)

Anne Hutchinson

A Puritan woman who was well learned that disagreed with the Puritan Church in Massachusetts Bay Colony. Her actions resulted in her banishment from the colony and later took part in the formation of Rhode Island. She displayed the importance of questioning authority.

Religion (SOC)

antinomianism

An interpretation of Puritan beliefs that stressed God's gift of salvation and minimized what an individual could do to gain salvation; identified with Anne Hutchinson.

Religion (SOC)

Rhode Island

the charter Roger Williams was granted in 1644 by English Parliament joined together Portsmith and Providence into a single colony; this colony served as a refuge for people of various faiths b/c of its religious toleration

Religion (SOC)

Halfway Covenant

A Puritan church document; In 1662, allowed partial membership rights to persons not yet converted into the Puritan church; It lessened the difference between the "elect" members of the church from the regular members; Women soon made up a larger portion of Puritan congregations.

Religion (SOC)

Quakers

English dissenters who broke from Church of England, preached a doctrine of pacifism, inner divinity, and social equity, under William Penn they founded Pennsylvania

Religion (SOC)

William Penn

A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution.

Religion (SOC)

Holy Experiment

William Penn's term for the government of Pennsylvania, which was supposed to serve everyone and provide freedom for all.

Religion (SOC)

Charter of Liberties (1701)

constitution by Penn, which guaranteed freedom of worship for all and unrestricted immigration

Religion (SOC)

rice plantations

These plantations grew food for the West Indies and relied on slave labor. Found in South Carolina.

Crops (GEO)

tobacco farms

These were mainly small farms in North Carolina, but larger plantations were found in other parts of the colonies.

Crops (GEO)

John Cabot

English explorer who claimed Newfoundland for England while looking for Northwest Passage

Settlements (ARC)

Jamestown

The first permanent English settlement in North America, found in East Virginia

Settlements (ARC)

Captain John Smith

Organized Jamestown and imposed a harsh law "He who will not work shall not eat".

Settlements (ARC)

John Rolfe

He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony.

Settlements (ARC)

Pocahontas

A native Indian of America, daughter of Chief Powahatan, who was one of the first to marry an Englishman, John Rolfe, and return to England with him; about 1595-1617; Pocahontas' brave actions in saving an Englishman paved the way for many positive English and Native relations.

Settlements (ARC)

Puritans

A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay.

Settlements (ARC)

Separatists

People who wanted to have a separate, or different church. Also known as Pilgrims.

Settlements (ARC)

Pilgrims

Group of English Protestant dissenters who established Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts in 1620 to seek religious freedom after having lived briefly in the Netherlands.

Settlements (ARC)

Mayflower

the ship in which the Pilgrim Fathers sailed from England to Massachusetts in 1620

Settlements (ARC)

Plymouth Colony

A colony established by the English Pilgrims, or Separatists, in 1620. The Separatists were Puritans who abandoned hope that the Anglican Church could be reformed. Plymouth became part of Massachusetts in 1691.

Settlements (ARC)

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Colony founded in 1630 by John Winthrop, part of the Great Puritan Migration, founded by puritans. Had a theocratic republic. "City upon a hill"

Settlements (ARC)

John Winthrop

As governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, was instrumental in forming the colony's government and shaping its legislative policy. He envisioned the colony, centered in present-day Boston, as a "city upon a hill" from which Puritans would spread religious righteousness throughout the world.

Settlements (ARC)

Great Migration

The migration of Puritans from England brought over 20,000 people - mostly families - to New England over a ten-year period.

Settlements (ARC)

Virginia

One of the New England colonies and chartered by James I in 1606

Settlements (ARC)

Thomas Hooker

A Puritan minister who led about 100 settlers out of Massachusetts Bay to Connecticut because he believed that the governor and other officials had too much power. He wanted to set up a colony in Connecticut with strict limits on government.

Settlements (ARC)

John Davenport

In 1637, he founded a settlement south of Hartford, by the name of New Haven.

Settlements (ARC)

Connecticut

attracted Dutch+English settlers;(1635); an energetic group of Boston Puritans, led by Thomas Hooker, swarmed into Hartford; drafted Fundamental Orders; New haven was founded (1638); crown granted a charter to this colony that merged New Haven with the more democratic settlements

Settlements (ARC)

New Hampshire

Established as a royal colony by King Charles II; economically dependent on Massachusetts; one person ruled both colonies.

Settlements (ARC)

The Carolinas

1665 - Charles II granted this land to pay off a debt to some supporters. They instituted headrights and a representative government to attract colonists. The southern region grew rich off its ties to the sugar islands, while the poorer northern region was composed mainly of farmers. The conflicts between the regions eventually led to the colony being split into two.

Settlements (ARC)

New York

(Middle Colony) It was founded by the Dutch for trade and furs and became an English Colony in 1664.

Settlements (ARC)

New Jersey

A framework for the Constitution was proposed by a group of small states; its key points were a one-house legislature with one vote for each state, the establishment of the acts of Congress as the "supreme law" of the land, and a supreme judiciary with limited power.

Settlements (ARC)

Pennsylvania

1681- William Penn received a land grant from King Charles II, and used it to form a colony that would provide a haven for Quakers. This colony allowed religious freedom.

Settlements (ARC)

Delaware

(Religious) By 1664, it was an outgrowth of the Quakers as they are spreading.

Settlements (ARC)

Georgia

1733 - Georgia was formed as a buffer between the Carolinas and Spanish-held Florida. It was a military-style colony, but also served as a haven for the poor, criminals, and persecuted Protestants.

Settlements (ARC)

James Oglethorpe

Founder and governor of the Georgia colony. He ran a tightly-disciplined, military-like colony. Slaves, alcohol, and Catholicism were forbidden in his colony. Many colonists felt that he was a dictator, and that, and the people's distaste for not being able to own slaves, caused the colony to break down

Wampanoags

tribe whose chief, Metacom, known to the colonies as King Phillip, united many tribes in southern New England against the English settlers

Conflict (MIG)

Metacom

Native American chief who fought against English colonists in King Philip's War

Conflict (MIG)

King Phillip's War

War between the Native American tribes of New England and British colonists that took place from 1675-1676. The war was the result of tension caused by encroaching white settlers. The chief of the Wampanoags, King Philip lead the natives. The war ended Indian resistance in New England and left a hatred of whites.

Conflict (MIG)

Mayflower Compact

1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.

Self-Rule (POL)

Virginia House of Burgesse

The first representative assembly in the new world. Created due to distance between Great Britain and the colonies.

Self-Rule (POL)

Sir William Berkeley

the royal governor of Virginia. Adopted policies that favored large planters and neglected the needs of recent settlers in the 'backcountry.' His shortcomings led to Bacon's Rebellion

Bacon's Rebellion

1676 - western Virginia settlers were angry at Virginia Governor Berkley for trying to appease the Doeg Indians after the Doegs attacked the western settlements. The frontiersmen formed an army, with Bacon as its leader, which defeated the Indians and then marched on Jamestown and burned the city. The rebellion ended suddenly when Bacon died of an illness.

Self-Rule (POL)

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1682)

the first written constitution in American history written by Hartford settlers. It established a representative government consisting of legislature elected by popular vote and governor chosen by legislature.

Self-Rule (POL)

New England Confederation

1643 - Formed to provide for the defense of the four New England colonies, and also acted as a court in disputes between colonies.

Self-Rule (POL)

Frame of Government (1682)

1701 the charter of Liberties set up the government for Penn colony. It established representatives government and allowed counties to form their own colonies

Self-Rule (POL)

corporate colonies

Colonies operated by joint-stock companies during the early years of the colonies, such as Jamestown

Authority (WOR)

royal colonies

Colonies controlled by the British king through governors appointed by him and through the king's veto power over colonial laws.

Authority (WOR)

proprietary colonies

Colonies in which the proprietors (who had obtained their patents from the king) named the governors, subject to the king's approval.

Authority (WOR)

Chesapeake colonies

In 1632, the area once known as the Virginia colony has divided into the Virginia and Maryland colony. Maryland became the first proprietary colony.

Authority (WOR)

joint-stock company

A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts.

Authority (WOR)

Virginia Company

Joint-Stock Company in London that received a charter for land in the new world. Charter guarantees new colonists same rights as people back in England.

Authority (WOR)

mercantilism

An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought

Royal Authority (WOR)

Navigation Acts

Laws that governed trade between England and its colonies. Colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to England. These acts made colonists very angry because they were forbidden from trading with other countries.

Royal Authority (WOR)

Dominion of New England

1686 - The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Andros). The Dominion ended in 1692, when the colonists revolted and drove out Governor Andros.

Royal Authority (WOR)

Sir Edmund Andros

Governor of the Dominion of New England from 1686 until 1692, when the colonists rebelled and forced him to return to England

Royal Authority (WOR)

Glorious Revolution

A reference to the political events of 1688-1689, when James II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband, Prince William of Orange.

Royal Authority (WOR)

indentured servants

Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years

Labor (WXT)

headright system

The Virginia Company's system in which settlers and the family members who came with them each received 50 acres of land

Labor (WXT)

slavery

A system of enforced servitude in which some people are owned by other people.

Labor (WXT)

triangular trade

A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Africa sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa

Labor (WXT)

Middle Passage

A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies

Labor (WXT)