Chemistry- 1 States of matter

how are the particles arranged in solid liquid and gas

in solid they are packed very closely together in a fixed and regular pattern in liquid they are close together in irregular arrangement in gas the particles are far apart

how do the particles move in solid liquid and gas

in Solid they vibrate in the places

in Liquid they slowly slide over each other

In Gases they move randomly and freely

intermolecular faces between solid liquid and gas

solid-extremely strong liquid-strong but less than solid gas-very week

shape and volume of solid liquid and gas

solid-fixed shape,fixed volume

liquid-no fixed shape,fixed volume

gas-No fixed shape and no fixed volume

describe the changes of state in melting

anything that takes up space and has mass

matter

what are they three states of matter

solid liquid gas

the kinetic particle theory

• all matter is composed of very small invisible particles

• the particles move all the time higher the temperature the faster they move

• lighter particles move faster than heavier ones

• in gas there are alot of space between the particles so they are free to move anywhere

what happens to the meting point and boiling points when impurities are present

it decreases the melting point and increases the boiling point

liquid to gas

evaporation/boiling

gas to liquid

condensation

solid to liquid

melting

liquid to solid

freezing

gas to solid and solid to gas

sublimation

difference between melting point and melting

melting point is the temperature whereas melting is the change of state from solid to liquid by heating

differences between boiling and evaporation

• Evaporation happens below the boiling point whereas boiling occurs only at the boiling point

• Evaporation only occurs at the surface whereas boiling occurs throughout the liquid

• Evaporation doesn’t require any external heat whereas boiling requires heating

• no bubbles of vapor are formed while evaoration but in boiling bubbles are formes

what are the factors that increases the rate of evaporation

• increasing temperature

• increasing surface area

explain diffusion

diffusion is spreading out of liquids and gas it is the movement of particles from low conc to high conc it occurs until the mixture/smell is uniform

what are the factors affecting diffusion how and why?

• Molecular Mass (the higher the MR the slower the rate of diffusion as it more heavy therefore takes more time to travel)

• Temperature (higher the temperature higher the rate of diffusion as increasing the emp increases the energy therefore particles hit each other more increasing their speed)

what happens to the volume of a gas in respect to temperature density and pressure

As temperature increases gas volume increases. The density decreases as the volume increases Pressure increases as volume decreases

How does temperature affect the volume of a gas

• Increasing the temperature increases the kinetic energy of each particle

• As the temperature increases, the particles in the gas move faster and spread out more

• If the gas particles are inside a container, they will collide with the container walls more frequently

• If the container walls are flexible and stretchy then the container will get bigger and bigger, just like the hot air balloon!

How does pressure affect the volume of gas

• Pressure is about the number of particles in a given volume

• Increasing the pressure means that there are the same number of particles but in a smaller volume

• Since the volume is decreased, the gas particles hit the container walls more frequently

describe the changes of state in melting

when a solid is heated the particles get more energy and vibrate more this makes the solid expand At the melting point the particles vibrate so much that they break away from their positions and becomes a liquid

heating curve

cooling curve

what is the freezing and boiling point of water

freezing point is 0 degrees celcius

boiling point is 100 degrees celcius

what is the freezing and boiling point equal to

freezing point=melting point

boiling point=condensation point

If the melting and boiling point is more than the room temperature what state of matter is it

its a solid

If the melting and boiling point is less than the rtp what state of matter is it

its a gas

If the melting point is less than the room temperature and the boiling point is more than the room temperature.

liquid