Unit 13 Vocab - AP Euro.

Chapter 25 Vocabulary - accompanies Spielvogel Reading 760-792

Conscription

The compulsory enlistment of individuals into military service, often referred to as the draft.

Militarism

A political and military ideology that emphasizes a strong military and readiness to use it aggressively to promote national interests.

Mobilization

The process of assembling and preparing military forces for active service, including deployment of troops and supplies.

Trench Warfare

A type of combat where opposing troops fight from trenches facing each other, characteristic of World War I.

The British Blockade

A naval blockade initiated by Britain during World War I to restrict supplies to the Central Powers.

The Lusitania

A British ocean liner sunk by a German submarine in 1915, contributing to the U.S. entering World War I.

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

A German naval strategy involving the sinking of any ship without warning in designated war zones.

Total War

A military conflict where nations mobilize all available resources, affecting civilians and blurring lines between combatants and non-combatants.

Nationalization

The process by which private assets are transferred to public ownership, prominent during war efforts.

War Communism

An economic and political system in Soviet Russia aimed at supporting the Red Army through land expropriation (taking property from its owner for public use or benefit).

Genocide

The intentional action to destroy a people in whole or in part; tragically observed during and after World War I.

Self-Determination

The principle that nations have the right to choose their own sovereignty and political status.

The War Guilt Clause

Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles, assigning blame for the war to Germany and its allies.

Reparations

Payments made by a defeated nation to compensate victors for war damages, heavily imposed on Germany.

Mandates

Territories administered by other nations under the League of Nations after World War I.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, whose assassination triggered World War I.

Gavrilo Princip

The Bosnian Serb nationalist who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

Kaiser Wilhelm II

The last German Emperor whose policies escalated tensions leading up to World War I.

Tsar Nicholas II

The last Emperor of Russia whose decisions during the war marked the end of the Russian Empire.

Georges Clemenceau

The French Prime Minister who played a key role in the Paris Peace Conference.

Rasputin

A mystical faith healer whose influence over the Russian royal family created controversy.

Soviets

Councils of workers and soldiers that emerged during the Russian Revolution.

Bolsheviks

A faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party that led the October Revolution. They advocated for a radical change in government and sought to establish a socialist state in Russia.

Vladimir Lenin

Leader of the Bolshevik Party and architect of the Soviet state. He played a crucial role in the October Revolution and served as the first head of government of Soviet Russia.

Leon Trotsky

A key figure in the Russian Revolution and the first leader of the Red Army.

The Big Four

The leaders of the United States, France, Britain, and Italy at the Paris Peace Conference.

Woodrow Wilson

U.S. President who proposed the Fourteen Points for peace and advocated for the League of Nations.

No Man’s Land

The area between rival trenches during World War I, symbolizing the brutal conditions of trench warfare.

The Schlieffen Plan

A German military strategy designed to quickly defeat France by invading through Belgium.

All Quiet on the Western Front

A novel depicting the harrowing experiences of World War I soldiers and the horrors of trench warfare.

The Fourteen Points

A statement of principles for peace proposed by Woodrow Wilson. It outlined goals for ending World War I and establishing a framework for international relations.

The First Battle of the Marne

A pivotal battle in September 1914 where Allied forces halted the advance of the German army.

Verdun

One of the longest battles of World War I, symbolizing French national determination.

Gallipoli

A 1915 campaign aimed at securing a sea route to Russia, ending in a disastrous defeat for Allied forces.

The Battle of Jutland

The largest naval battle of World War I fought between Britain and Germany.

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

A peace treaty signed in March 1918 between Soviet Russia and the Central Powers.

The League of Nations

An international organization founded after World War I aimed at maintaining peace.

The Treaty of Versailles

The 1919 peace treaty that formally ended World War I and imposed heavy reparations on Germany.