Chapter 25: Evaluation of the Strength of Forensic DNA Profiling Results
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17 Terms
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Mendel’s first law
The principle of segregation of alleles. Each pair of alleles segregates from others in the formation of gametes.
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Mendel’s second law
The principle of independent assortment of alleles. The segregation of each pair of alleles is independent of the segregation of other pairs during the formation of gametes.
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meiosis
Gametes are formed during a process known as ________, in which cells with haploid chromosome numbers (23 in humans) are produced by the division of cells with diploid chromosome numbers (46 in humans).
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Linked Genes
Genes residing very closely together on the same chromosome are usually inherited together.
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probabilities
The Mendelian inheritances of genes can often be measured using _____.
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Probability
A ratio of the number of actual occurrences of an event to the number of possible occurrences.
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Allele Frequency
It can be calculated directly by counting the number of alleles of one type at a given locus and dividing it by the total number of alleles at that locus in a sampled population.
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Genotype Frequency
It can be calculated by dividing the number of individuals with one genotype by the total number of individuals in a sampled population. Each genotype at the locus can be calculated separately.
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Heterozygosity
The proportion of alleles, at a given locus, that are heterozygous.
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Hardy–Weinberg Principle
It allows predictions of genotype frequencies to be made based on allelic frequencies.
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Observed Genotype Frequencies
Are calculated by dividing the number of individuals with one genotype by the total number of individuals in the population sampled.
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Population Match Probability
The probability of having a matching genotype between two randomly chosen individuals.
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Likelihood Ratio
This method is an alternative for evaluating the strength of a match.
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Hypothesis 1
The evidence and suspect profiles originated from the same source.
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Hypothesis 2
The evidence and suspect profiles did not originate from the same source.
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haplotype
The term _____ was first used to describe very closely linked polymorphic loci.
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Linkage Disequilibrium
Where recombination is very rare, certain allelic combinations occur in populations much more frequently than would be expected.
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