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Cell Theory

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Campbell IB Bio 1 CHS

17 Terms

1

Cell Theory

A scientific theory stating that all living things are composed of cells, which are the smallest unit of life, and that cells arise only from pre-existing cells.

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2

Mitosis

A process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells, essential for growth and repair.

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3

Meiosis

A type of cell division that generates gametes (sperm and eggs) for sexual reproduction.

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4

Theory

A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of facts and repeatedly confirmed through observation and experimentation.

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5

Viruses

Entities that are not considered alive because they lack cells, do not maintain homeostasis, do not grow, cannot reproduce independently, and cannot perform metabolism.

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6

Life

Defined as a self-sustaining chemical system capable of undergoing Darwinian evolution.

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7

Common Cellular Structures

Basic components found in all cells, including the plasma membrane, cytosol, and organelles.

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8

Plasma Membrane

A bilayer formed from phospholipids that separates the cell's exterior from its interior and allows for homeostasis.

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9

Cytosol

The fluid component of the cytoplasm, essential for metabolism and dissolving solutes, primarily composed of water.

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10

Cytoplasm

The fluid plus all contents within the cell, including organelles.

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11

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

The genetic material necessary for making new cells, reproduction, and evolution.

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12

Ribosomes

Cellular structures that synthesize proteins using the information encoded in DNA; prokaryotes have 70s ribosomes, while eukaryotes have 80s ribosomes.

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13

Discrepancies to Cell Theory

Exceptions to the cell theory, including red blood cells, aseptate fungal hyphae, skeletal muscles, and phloem sieve tubes.

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14

Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)

Cells that transport oxygen but lack a nucleus, mitochondria, and DNA as they mature.

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15

Aseptate Fungal Hyphae

Tubal projections of multicellular fungi that form a network with continuous cytoplasm and multiple nuclei.

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16

Skeletal Muscles

Large cells formed by the fusion of multiple cells during development, resulting in multinucleated structures to produce proteins efficiently.

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17

Phloem Sieve Tubes

Specialized cells in phloem that transport sugars, losing their nucleus and organelles during development to maximize transport space, with companion cells providing necessary organelles.

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