Nationalism Quiz Study Guide

What were the differences between peninsular and creoles? Be sure to include their eligibility for high office.

Peninsulares were born in Spain and could hold high colonial government positions but a tiny percentage. Creoloes were Spaniards born in Latin America and could not hold high political office but could be military officers

What two groups controlled the Spanish colonies' land, wealth, and power?

Spanish colonial armies and Creoles controlled the land, wealth, and power

Who were mestizos?

Mestizos were people of mixed European and Indian

Who were mulattos?

Mulattos are a mixed European and African ancestry and enslaved Africans

Who was at the bottom of the social ladder?

Indians

What was that leader’s background?

Formlyed enslaved and unfamiliar with military and diplomatic matters

Who was the leader of the Haitian Revolution?

Toussaint L'Ouverture

What event triggered revolts in the Spanish colonies in 1808?

Napoleon made his bother king and the creoles did not like a king imposed by a french

From the box “History Makers” on p. 249, what were the two nicknames of Simon Bolivar?

Liberator and George Washington of the South

What areas had been freed by San Martin by the end of 1821?

Chile and Argentina

What groups played the leading role in the Mexican independence movement?

Indians and mestizos

What was the political result of the Battle of Ayacucho in 1824?

Spanish colonies in Latin America won their freedom

What significant step did the creole officer Agustin de Iturbide take in 1821?

Declared their independence

What was unique about Brazil’s quest for independence?

It occurred without violent upheavals or widespread bloodshed