ENG02 CO3

Assertion

A declarative sentence that claims something is true about something else; strong statements that may or may not be supported by evidence.

Fact

Statements that can be proven true or false.

Convention

Statements based on customs, norms, or traditions.

Opinion

Statements that reflect personal beliefs or judgments.

Preference

Statements that express personal likes or dislikes.

Counterclaim

Claims made to rebut a previous claim; provide a contrasting perspective to the main argument.

Evidence

Facts, data, or examples used to support a claim.

Logical Fallacy

Errors in reasoning that weaken an argument.

Ad Hominem

A logical fallacy that involves attacking the person instead of the argument.

Circular Reasoning

A logical fallacy that uses the conclusion as a premise.

False Cause

A logical fallacy that assumes a cause-and-effect relationship without evidence.

Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc

Assuming that because one event followed another, the first caused the second.

Either/Or Fallacy

Presenting only two alternatives when more exist.

Evasion

Ignoring or avoiding the question.

False Analogy

Comparing two things that are not alike.

Oversimplification

Making a complex issue seem simple.

Rationalization

Giving incorrect reasons to justify a position.

Red Herring

Introducing an unrelated topic to distract from the main issue.

Slippery Slope

Suggesting that a small step will lead to a catastrophic result.

Two Wrongs Make a Right

Justifying a wrong action by pointing to another wrong.

Hasty Generalization

Drawing a conclusion from insufficient evidence.

Straw Man

Misrepresenting an opponent’s argument to make it easier to attack.

Equivocation

Using a word with multiple meanings to mislead.

Non Sequitur

A conclusion that does not logically follow from the premises.

Hypertext

A method of presenting information that allows related topics to be connected through clickable links.

Intertextuality

The relationship between texts, where one text draws inspiration from another.

Claim

A statement that asserts something to be true.

Claim of Fact

Statements that can be proven true or false.

Claim of Value

Statements that express judgments or evaluations.

Claim of Policy

Statements that suggest a course of action.

Explicit Claims

Claims that are clearly stated in the text.

Implicit Claims

Claims that are not directly stated but implied through the text.