Theology 12 Midterm - Riley

Religion

religio (Latin) - to bind

5 elements of a religion

1. History

2. Scripture/Sacred Writing

3.Beliefs/Practices

4. Sacred Times

5. Sacred Places/ Spaces

Nostra Aetate

A papal encyclical that discusses how Catholics should interact with people of other religions

Judaism Family Tree

Terah - Sarah + Abraham - Issac +Rebeca - Jacob and Esau

12 Defining moments of Judaism

1. Abraham

2. Burning Bush

3. 10 commandments

4. 12 tribes

5. King David

6. Solomon Builds Temple

7. Exile

8. Warning Against Blasphemy

9. Hanukkah

10. Destruction of the temple

11. Holocaust

12. Israel was formed

1st defining moment of Judaism

First time that Jewish people were called God's people

2nd defining moment of Judaism

God instructed Moses through a burning bush to free the Israelites from slavery.

3rd defining moment of Judaism

10 commandments were given to Moses as a guide for the Jewish people to follow

4th defining moment of Judaism

Promised people and promised land

5th defining moment of Judaism

King David made a covenant with God

6th defining moment of Judaism

Salomon built the 1st temple of Jerusalem

7th defining moment of Judaism

Exiled from their land/ 1st destruction of the temple

8th defining moment of Judaism

Isaiah told the Jewish people to have more faith/ Burning tounge

9th defining moment of Judaism

Jewish people are outnumbered against the Greeks but still win the battle - Hanukkah

10th defining moment of Judaism

2nd destruction of the temple, only one wall is left

11th defining moment of Judaism

The Holocaust

12th defining moment of Judaism

Israel becomes a nation in 1948

TaNaK

Hebrew Bible

Torah

613 Laws

Nev'im

writing from Isaiah and Jeremiah

Ketuvim

Psalms

Talmud

midrash - Rabbi's fill in the holes in the parables

Jewish sacred spaces

Synogauge

Jewish Sacred places

Wailing Wall

Bimah

Raised platform to read the torah

Jerusalem

A holy city for Jews, Christians, and Muslims

Shema

Hear O Israel, the Lord is our God, the Lord is one. And as for you, you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your strength.

Mezuzah

A scroll inscribed with verses of the Shema that many Jews fasten to their doorpost.

Shofar

Ram's horn blown at Jewish holidays

Tefillin

Two leather boxes which are worn on the arm and on the forehead at weekday morning prayers

Hannukah

An eight-day Jewish holiday commemorating the rededication of the Temple of Jerusalem in 165 BC

Purim

A joyous festival in early spring that recalls the Jews' being saved from destruction, as told in the Book of Esther

Passover (Pesach)

Jewish holiday celebrated in the spring, commemorating the deliverance of the Israelites from Egyptian slavery

Jewish Wedding Traditions

Married under Cuppah, Groom breaks Glass

Yom Kippur

Jewish Day of Atonement- fasting and reflecting on one's sins

Rosh Hashanah

Jewish New Year

Shavot

Jewish feast of Pentecost fifty days after Passover; celebrates Moses giving of the Ten Commandments to the Israelites

Shabbat

The Jewish Sabbath; begins at sundown Friday and ends at sundown Saturday.

Sukkot

"booths"; a festival in the late autumn that recalls the Jews' period of wandering in the desert after their exodus from Egypt.

Menorah

A candelabrum with a central stem bearing seven candles. The oldest symbol in Judaism.

Kosher

Jewish dietary laws

Islam

to surrender/ to submit to the will of God - comes from the word shalom

Shalom

peace

Arab

person who lives in the middle east

Muslim

A follower of Islam

1st defining moment in Islam

Adam and Eve - Muslims believe that Islam have always existed

2nd defining moment in Islam

Abraham built the K'abah in Mecca

3rd defining moment in Islam

In 610 in Mecca Muhammad prays and the Angel Gabriel appeared and told him everything that he wanted to know and he memorized it all

4th defining moment in Islam

In 622 Muhammad is exiled to Mecca by the Jews and Christians

5th defining moment in Islam

In 632 Muhammad dies

6th defining moment in Islam

1st Caliph Abu is named in 632

7th defining moment in Islam

In 634 Caliph Abu chose 2nd Caliph Umar to be his successor

8th defining moment in Islam

In 644 3rd Caliph Uthman is killed because he is bad

9th defining moment in Islam

Division into the Sunni's and Shittes over sucession

Qur'an or Koran

means recitation and is the holy book of Islam. Muslims believe it is the infallible word of God. Divided into 114 chapters called surah

What do Muslims say after Muhammad

Peace be upon him

4 goals of Islam

1. become closer to God

2. Both Faith and works are necessary to become closer to God

3. Must have a unified religious community

4. Establish unity with all people

7 core tenants of Islam

1. Muhammad is the messenger of God

2. God does not predetermine what will happen, we have free will

3. God gives life and takes life

4. God knows what choices we will make. He knows the past, present, and future.

5. God is very involved as a guide in human affairs

6. God is the Judge who will determine who goes to heaven and who goes to hell

7. God is a loving, powerful, knowing, merciful, and present

5 pillars of Islam

1. Shahada

2. Salat

3. Zakat

4. Sawm

5. Hajj

Shahada

There is no god but God, Muhammad is the messenger of God

Salah

Prayer 5 times a day (pre dawn, noon, mid afternoon, sunset, total darkness)

Wudu

The ritual washing of the face, hands, arms, top of head, and feet that a Muslim must perform before prayer

Juma

Friday noon prayer service

Zakah

Almsgiving (2.5% of total income)

Sawn

Fasting during the month of Ramadan

Hajj

Pilgrimage to Mecca

Hijab

a headscarf worn by Muslim women

Eid al-Fitr

Festival of Breaking the Fast at the end of Ramadan

Eid al-Adha

festival remembering Abraham sacrificing Ismael for God. Symbolic slaughter of Sheep or Goat

Ashura

Suni - to remember the exodus from Egypt

Shittes - reenact the massacre of Hussain

Mecca

the holiest city of Islam; Muhammad's birthplace

Mosques

Muslim house of worship

Mihrab

a niche in the wall of a mosque, at the point nearest to Mecca, toward which the congregation faces to pray.

Ka'bah

A shrine in Mecca, and one of the holiest places according to the Islamic faith

Medina

2nd holiest city in Islam

Hinduism

a way of life before it was a religion involving bathing in the Indus river, meditation, and living peacefully

Hindu

means river in Sanskirt

Goal of Hinduism

to be freed from the cycle of reincarnation

banyan tree

metaphor for origins of hinduism, a tree with branches that sink to the ground and become roots

Caste System

a set of rigid social categories that determined not only a person's occupation and economic potential, but also his or her position in society

Origins of Hinduism

originated around 300 BC. Travelers named them after spotting them on the Indus river

Dharma

the religious and moral duties of an individual

4 stages of dharma

1. Student

2. Householder

3. Forest Dweller

4. Spiritual Wanderer

Student stage of Hinduism

ages 8-12 were a boy studies at home with a guru

guru

a teacher or spiritual guide

Householder stage of Hinduism

About age 20 an arranged marriage and will work as well as provide socially and politically

Forrest Dweller Stage

about ages 40-60 a man becomes celibate to study and practice asceticism

Spiritual wanderer stage of Hinduism

live alone with minimal or no clothing to achieve moksha

Moksha

liberation from the cycle of reincarnation

Samsara

the cycle of life and rebirth in Hinduism

Karma

the moral law of cause and effect of actions

Reincarnation

The rebirth of a soul in a new body could be an animal or person

Atman

the individual soul

Maya

emotions and life are an illusion, happiness is temporary

Brhaman

the ultimate reality, cannot be grasped with any senses, like God. No attributes, can be manifested into gods and goddesses. The life force of the Universe

Trimurti

Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva

Brahma

creator god

Shiva

the destroyer god

Vishnu

the preserver god

Avitar

incarnations of gods who are part of the ultimate reality