Springs and Hooke's law (half finished)

what is a tensile force?

• a force that produces an extension and causes tensile deformation

what is a compressive force?

• a force that shortens an object and cause compressive deformation

what does the force-extension graph look like for a normal helical spring?

• a diagonal straight line starting from the origin, where the spring elastically deforms and obeys Hooke’s law

• then a curved section where the spring plastically deforms

what is elastic deformation?

• when the material returns to its original size and shape when the force is removed

what is plastic deformation?

• the material experiences permanent structural changes and does not return to original size and shape when force is removed

what is Hooke’s law?

• when the force is less than the elastic limit of the spring, the extension is directly proportional to force applied

what is the equation linking force and extension or compression?

• F=kx where k is the force constant or stiffness constant

• the larger the force constant, the stiffer the spring

what is the gradient of a force-extension graph?

• the spring constant or stiffness constant

when can the work done on a spring be recovered?

• if the material is compressed or extended without going beyond its elastic limit

why can’t the work done/energy be recovered if the material has gone through plastic deformation?

• because some of the work done on the material has gone into moving its atoms to new positions

what is the area under the force-extension graph?

work done in stretching the material, which is transferred to elastic potential energy

what are two equations for the elastic potential energy?

• E= (1/2)Fx (half times average force times final extension)

• E= (1/2)kx² (half times stiffness constant times extension squared)

what is the spring constant for springs in parallel?

just add them together lmao

what is the spring constant for springs in series?

1/K = 1/K1 + 1/K2……..