Final Studying for Dictators Unit ( Mussolini, Hitler, and Stalin)

In response to this growing popularity of Mussolini King Victor Emmanuel Ill named …

Mussolini prime minister in 1922.

Ruling as a dictator, Mussolini invaded foreign lands, and his apparent successes with Fascism attracted the attention of Adolf Hitler. They

formed a Rome-Berlin Axis,

Rome-Berlin Axis also know as the

The Pact of Steel [Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany becoming allies]

fascism glorifies the state above the individual by emphasizing the

need for a strong central government led by a dictatorial ruler

Mussolini converted thousands to the

Fascist Party with his nationalistic appeals.

Mussolini and the Fascists threatened to march on …

Rome if they were not given power.

Mussolini used his position as prime minister to create…

create a Fascist dictatorship.

The soviet union (USSR) clearly becomes the

enemy to the fasict leadership

Fascists outlawed all other ______. and set

political parties in Italy and set up a secret police

OVRA=

Organization for Vigilance and Repression of Anti-Fascism

Mussolini ruled Italy as..

Il Duce

Fascists also tried to exercise …

exercise control over the mass media.

Censorship was highly used

INDOCTRINATION >

manipulated, deceived, lied to, brianwashed...

8 and 18 were members of

fascist youth groups

Mussolini never achieved the degree of totalitarian control seen in …

Hitler's Germany or Stalin's Soviet Union.

Mussolini's regime also recognized _______ as the

In return, the Catholic Church urged …

Catholicism as the …"sole religion of the State."

Italians to support the Fascist regime…

Due to mussolini's relationship with recogizing _____ as its …

Vatican city

own nation, Millions of supporters were gained.

These divisions were further strained by an intense personal rivalry between

Leon Trotsky and another Politburo member, Joseph Stalin.

Stalin was free to establish a powerful dictatorship. He seized all

power for himself and greatly curtailed the freedom of the press.

Stalin was he was expelled from school for

revolutionary activity.

Stalin was able to take control of Soviet politics after Lenin's death in 1924. During this period, he

enacted policies and secret executions that took millions of lives.

In World War II, Stalin signed a

Nonaggression Pact with Germany.

Nonaggression Pact>

the Nazi-Soviet "Non-Aggression" Pact

Stalin maintained a cult of personality by using

media and propaganda to create a heroic, idealized image.

The press presented Stalin as a

powerful, all-knowing leader and as the father of the people of the USSR.

Five-Year Plan Their purpose was to transform

Russia virtually overnight from an agricultural into an industrial country.

The First Five-Year Plan focused on …

production of military and capital goods

(STALIN HIGHLIGHTS) millions of workers and their families lived in

in miserable conditions. Real wages of industrial workers declined

With rapid industrialization came equally

rapid collectivization of agriculture, a system in which private farms were eliminated.

(STALIN NOTES ) the government owned all the land, and the peasants worked it. The peasants resisted by

hoarding crops and killing livestock.

The wealthier farmers were known as

"Kulaks"

Collectivization was done at tremendous cost. Hoarding

food and slaughtering livestock led to widespread famine.

The Ukraine region was

the center of this famine

(Stalin notes) Those who resisted were sent into forced labor camps, known as _____ in …

Gulags, in Serbia.

Great Purge, Stalin expelled

numerous people from all aspects of Soviet life.

Hitler was A failure in school, he traveled to

Vienna to become an artist but was rejected by the academy.

At the core of Hitler's ideas was

racism, especially anti-Semitism (hostility toward Jews).

Hitler was also an

extreme nationalist

Hitler joined the little-known …

German Workers' Party, one of several right-wing extreme nationalist

What does NSDAP mean? (NSDAP, an abbreviation of the German name), or

National Socialist German Workers' Party

Nazi

SA, the Storm Troops, or

or the Brownshirts,

An overconfident Hitler staged an armed uprising against the government in ______.

This uprising, called the _____.

Munich in November 1923.

Beer Hall Putsch,

After hitler’s staged an armed uprising against the government in Munich in November 1923 he got punish and Hitler was sentenced to prison, where he wrote

Mein Kampf, or My Struggle,

Leader of the SA the Storm Troops, or the Brownshirts =

Ernst Rohm

Reichstag-

the German parliament.

Nazis would have to attain power

legally through elections,

This theory emphasizes the right of "superior" nations to

Lebensraum (LAY •buhnz•ROWM)-"living space" -through expansion.

Hindenburg agreed to allow Hitler to become

chancellor in 1933 and to create a new government.

Hitler's _________ of power came on March 23, 1933,

"legal seizure"

when a two-thirds vote of the Reichstag passed the Enabling Act.

The Enabling Act gave the government the power to

ignore the constitution for four years

All political parties except the

Nazis were abolished.

People took _______ to their Führer (FYUR•uhr), or

oaths of loyalty

"Leader."

The Nazis misused the term>

Aryan

The Nazis misused the term by treating it as a

racial designation

The Nazis thought the Germans were the true

descendants and leaders of the Aryans and would create an empire.

____________________ rallies that were held every September, usually evoked

Nuremberg party

mass enthusiasm and excitement.

The Schutzstaffeln, German for “_________” known in shorthand as the

"Guard Squadrons,"

SS were an important force for maintaining order.

The SS was originally created as Hitler's

personal bodyguard.

Under the direction of ______, the SS came to control not only the secret police

Heinrich Himmler

Hitler used public works projects and grants to private construction firms to put people

back to work and to end the Depression.

The Nazi regime pushed its campaign against working women with poster slogans such as

"Get hold of pots and pans and broom and you'll sooner find a groom!"

In September 1935, the Nazis announced new

anti-Semitic laws

________defined who was considered a Jew-

Nuremberg laws

Eventually, German Jews were also required to wear

yellow Stars of David and to carry identification cards saying they were Jewish.

A more violent phase of anti-Jewish activity began on the night of November 9, 1938-Kristallnacht, or the

"night of shattered glass.

TRIUMPH OF THE WILL - Triumph of the Will is considered one of the greatest

Documentaries as well as one of the most effective propaganda films of all time.

Kraft durch Freude ("_________).

("Strength through Joy").

In the years immediately following World War I, Italy was

very politically unstable.

The _______ were founded by the ex-Socialist journalist________.

Fascists

By Benito Mussolini

Fascist militias began to attract ….

support across Italy as they mounted an anticommunist crusade

Fascist squads, dressed in black-shirted uniforms, used

systematic violence to destroy leftist organizations.

Mussolini formed his movement into a proper

political party, called the National Fascist Party.

The police, the army and much of the middle-class sympathized with the…

Fascist destruction of Socialist unions.

Mussolini, as duce (leader) of fascism, .. slowly..

slowly made himself indispensable to the government

Mussolini organized a …

"March on Rome" by Fascist supporters.

Mussolini became prime minister, in a more or less constitutional manner, but only after three …

years of near civil war in the country and an armed invasion of Rome.

Mussolini was focused on acquiring ..

territory in Africa and in the Mediterranean.

Italy finally invaded Ethiopia, and By May 1936,….

it had conquered the country.

• Italians felt betrayed by the Treaty of Versailles because…

they expected to get some land after WW1.

• Problems in Italy:

Unemployment. Angry Workers, communism becomes popular

Benito Mussolini Grew up as a socialist, then..

then created fascism.

Mussolini Controlled a group know as squadristi - The black shirts they used

Used violence, and rejected democracy.

Mussolini Became the dictator of Italy and pledged to..

to make it an empire like Ancient Rome

The first thing Mussolini did was

Invaded Ethiopia

• Mussolini was appointed prime….

  (by who)

prime minister by the King - Victor Emmanuel III

Mussolini switch Italy to a …

Government controlled economy

A Fascist Country has..

• Strict control by the government, back by the military

• intense nationalism

• single party dictatorship, one leader

• state-controlled economy

• police spy on citizens

• state terrorism used to make people obey

Joseph Stalin rose to power as gen..

general secretary of the Communist Party.

Stalin was a frail child At age 7, he contracted ____, that left his _________.

smallpox, which left his face scarred,

Stalin was injured in a carriage accident that left…

his arm slightly deformed.

Stalin: The other village children treated

him cruelly.

Stalin’s mother wanted him to become..

So She enrolled him in ..

a priest.

church school

Stalin came in contact with a secret organization that supported ..

Georgian independence from Russia,

The members of the secret organization that supported Georgian independence from Russia, introduce Stalin to the writings of

the writings of Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin.

Stalin adopted the name "Stalin," meaning

"steel" in Russian.

Stalin was appointed to the newly created office of…

general secretary of the Communist Party.

general secretary of the Communist Party gave Stalin..

it gave Stalin control over all party member appointments,

After Lenin's death in 1924, Stalin set out to des…

destroy the old party leadership and take total control.

Stalin seized land given earlier to…

the peasants and organized large combined farms.

Stalin believed this collectivism would ..

accelerate food production