World War Two

What Russian revolution created the first totalitarian state?

The 1917 communist revolution

What is a government in which a single party or leader controls the economic, social, and cultural lives of its people?

Totalitarian

What was the Great Terror?

Stalin’s purge of real or imagined traitors in the communist party, which included much of Red Army leadership.

Though Italy was a member of ____, it did not get any of the warm aims it had joined the war for.

The Entente

Who founded the Fasci de Combattimento (or the Fascist Party?)

Benito Mussolini

What were Followers of Mussolini called?

Black Shirts

What did Mussolini call himself?

IL Duce

What did Nazi’s think about Communism?

They were against it.

What book is Hitler write?

Mein Kampf (My Struggle)

Did a singular figure emerge in Japan, and got control of everything?

No, there was not a singular figure.

What was the capture of Nanjing called?

Rape of Nanjing

What was the puppet state made by Japan called?

Manchuko

After Austria was incorporated into the German Reich, what were they named?

Anschluss

When Hitler wanted Sudetenland, what happened?

Britain and France appeased Germany once again and let them have Sudetenland.

What did Hitler violate by annexing the rest of Czechoslovakia into his German Reich?

Munich Pact

What was the Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact?

Germany and Soviet Union agree not to attack one another and secretly decide to divide Poland between the two countries and recognize each other’s territorial claims.

What does Blitzkrieg mean, and what was it?

It meant Lighting War, and was a new style of warfare that emphasized the use of speed, firepower, and combined arms to get into enemies line.

What did the Axis Powers include?

Germany, Italy, Japan, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, Finland

What did the Allied Powers include?

Britain, France, USA, USSR, China

After the defeat of Poland, the war entered into a eight month period known in Western Europe as what?

Phony War

Who did Britain sign an alliance with to stop Germany after Hitler violated the Munich Pact?

France

What did Germany attack France through, catching them by surprise?

The Ardennes Forest, which was thought to be impassable.

How did the majority of Americans feel about US intervention into European affairs before Pearl Harbor?

They were opposed

Who investigated a new theory for the reason why America entered WW1?

Gerald Nye

What is seemingly a reason why America entered WW1?

American Bankers and arms manufacturers pulling America in.

How did Roosevelt feel about Nazis?

He was firmly against it.

What did the Neutrality Acts do?

They stated that Americans could not sail on ships from nations at war, loan money/sell arms to those nations.

What was the Cash-and-Carry provision?

It allowed belligerent nations to buy goods and arms if they paid cash and carried goods on their own ships. (Since Britain had the largest navy, this mainly affected the allies.)

What was the America First Committee?

An Isolationist group that believed the real threat to America was from Japan and the Soviet Union, not Germany.

Who was the leader of the America First Committee?

Charles Lindbergh

What did the Tripartite Pact do?

Make Italy, Japan, and Germany official allies.

What was “Destroyers for Bases?”

The deal between America and Britain that stated America would give Britain 50 WW1 era destroyers, and in exchange Britain would give America 8 military bases.

Who ran against FDR?

Wendell L. Willkie

What were the Four Freedoms according to FDR’s speech?

Freedom of Worship, Freedom of Speech, Freedom from Want, and Freedom from Fear.

What did Roosevelt call for America to become?

The Great Arsenal for Democracy

What was the Lend-Lease act?

An act that authorized FDR to “sell, transfer title to, exchange. lease, lend, or otherwise dispose of any government defense article wherever it was necessary to defend the US.”

What did the Atlantic Charter endorse, and what did it do?

It endorsed national self-determination and an international system of general security. It signaled a deeper alliance between the USA and Britain.

After Japan seized French Indochina, what did America do?

Place an embargo on Japan.

Who became Japan’s Prime Minister, and tried to negotiate economical peace with America?

Hideki Tojo

On what day did Pearl Harbor take place?

December 7th 1941

Who is George Marshall?

A General who was the army chief of staff.

What was the name of the group for Women in the army?

Women Army Corps

What was the War Production Board?

A FDR created Board which was made to oversee the conversion of peacetime industry to wartime industry.

What organization supervised the effort of the US and preparing for war?

Office of War Mobilization

What were the name of Executives who were paid very little to assist the government in preparing and maintaining the war effort in the US?

Dollar-a-year men

What General was ordered to leave his troops in the Philippines?

Douglas Macarthur

What was the name of the March that 70,000 American Prisoners were forced to walk?

The Bataan Death March

What was the Doolittle Raid?

A nighttime bombing raid where army bombers took off from American carriers to bomb Tokyo.

How did American Prisoners show that they were not being treated fairly?

They did the middle finger in their photos.

What was the Battle of Coral Sea?

A battle that was fought between ships and planes, with enemy warships never even seeing each other.

What were the names of the 3 main turning points of the war?

In Europe: Stalingrad

In North Africa: Battle of El Alamein

In Pacific: Battle of Midway

Who were the Big Three?

Churchill, Stalin, and Roosevelt.

What is sonar?

A radar, but for water.

What is arguably the most deadly battle in human history?

Stalingrad.

What decisions were made in the Casablanca Conference?

They decided to increase the bombing of Germany and to invade Italy. They also decided to only accept unconditional surrender from any Axis Powers.

Who were the Tuskegee Airmen?

An African American Fighter Squadron

What did war bonds do?

Allowed citizens to lend the government money in order to help fund the war.

What did the Office of Price Administration have the authority to do?

Control wages and set max prices.

What did the Office of War Information do?

Worked with media to encourage the support of the war effort.

What did Executive Order 9066 do?

Issued designated certain areas as “war zones” from which anyone would be removed for any reason. (Japanese Americans.)

What is Internment?

Temporary imprisonment of members of a specific group.

What is Rosie the Riveteer?

A symbol for army women who supported the war effort.

What was Executive Order 8802?

An order that assured fair hiring practices for any job funded with government money and created the Fair Employment Practice Committee which enforced them.

What was the Bracero Program?

A program in which USA partnered with Mexico to bring labor onto American Farms.

How many Jewish people were killed in WW2?

At least 6 million.

What were Jewish people forced to wear?

The Star of David

What was the largest ghetto for Jewish people?

Warshaw in Poland

What was the name of the specialized killing group that murdered Jewish people?

Einsatzgruppen

What gas was used to suffocate prisoners in death camps?

Zyklon B

What was the largest death camp?

Auschwitz

What was the name of Prisoners that were forced to cremate the dead?

Sonderkommandos

What were the name of the trials that Nazi’s went through for their crimes?

The Nuremburg Trials

After FDR passed away, who were the “new Big Three?”

Stalin, Trumen, and Atlee

What 4 zones of occupation was Germany Divided into?

Soviet, American, British, and French

What General oversaw the writing of the new Japanese constitution, along with heading America’s occupation of Japan?

Douglas Macarthur

What did the General Agreement on Tariffs & Trade (GATT) do?

Expand trade by reducing Tariffs, which went from 40% to 5%.

What effectively replaced the League of Nations?

United Nations

What was the name of the American Prosecutor that pushed to hold Nazi leaders responsible for their actions?

Robert Jackson