Historical Perspectives in Nursing

These flashcards encompass key terms and definitions related to the historical development of nursing, including influential figures, changes in roles, and societal impacts.

Nursing

The profession or practice of providing care for the sick and infirm.

Florence Nightingale

A pivotal figure in nursing who changed the roles of nurses and women in the 16th century.

Sanitation

The conditions that affect hygiene and health, crucially highlighted by Florence Nightingale.

Early Hospitals

Institutions established during the early Christian period to provide care for the sick.

16th Century Nursing

Characterized by the emergence of organized nursing roles, heavily influenced by societal norms of the time.

Male Nurses

The role and emergence of male nurses within the nursing profession historically.

World War II Impact

A significant period that influenced the structure of nursing and hospital administration.

Control of Female Nurses

The historical oversight of female nursing roles by male administrators and physicians.

Historical Perspective

Analysis of the evolution of nursing practices from ancient civilizations to modern times.

Florence nightingale

Defined nursing as both an art and science differentiated nursing from medicine published books about nursing and health care is regarded as the founder of modern nursing

Clara Barton

Care for wounded fed soldier during civil war served as supervisor for nurses for the army of the James established Red Cross red shield

Dorothea dix

Superintendent of the female nurse of the army during civil war was a pioneering crusader for the reform of the treatment of the mentally ill

Mary Ann bickerdyke

Organized diets kitchen laundries and ambulance service during civil war

Louise Schuyler

Recommended standard for nursing education returned to New York to improve care of the sick in Bellevue hospital

Linda Richard’s

First trained nurse in the us

Jane Addams

Provided social services

Lilian wald

Established neighborhood nursing for for the sick and poor founder of public health nursing

Mary Elizabeth Mahoney

First black nurse

Nora Gertrude li

First Indian-American nurse and social reformer, known for her contributions to nursing education and public health.

Caregiver

The provision of care to patients. As a caregiver the nurse integrates the role of the communicator teacher counselor leader researcher advocate and collaborator to promote wellness through activities that prevent illness restore health and facilitate coping with disability or death

Communicator

The use of effective interpersonal and therapeutic communication skills to establish and maintain helping relationships with patients of all ages in a wide variety of health care settings

Teacher educator

The use of communication skill to assess, implement and evaluate individualized teaching plans to meet learning needs of patient and their families

Counselor

The use of therapeutic interpersonal communication skills to provide information make appropriate referrals and facilitate the patients problem solving and decision making skills

Leader

The assertive, self confident practice of nursing when providing care effecting change and functioning with groups

Researcher

The participation in or conduct of research to increase knowledge in nursing and improve patient care

Advocate

The protection on human or legal rights and the securing of care for all patients based on the belief that patients have the right to make informed about their own health and lives

Collaborator

The effective use of skilled in organization, communication, and advocacy to facilitate the functions of all members of the health care team as they provide patients care

Chronic disease management

Management of chronic diseases and prevention of sequelae

Wellness disease prevention

Promotion of physical health in all patients as well as management of minor acute and intermittent care needs of generally healthy patients

Regenerative or restorative care

Critical trauma, complex acute care, acute exacerbations of chronic conditions and treatment of physiologically unstable patients that generally requires care in a mega acute institution

Hospice/palliative care

End of life car as well as palliative support care for individuals requiring extended care

Preventing illness

By teaching and personal example

Restoring health

Focus on the person with an illness and range from early detection of a disease to rehabilitation and teaching during recovery

standards of nursing practice

Allow nurses to carry out professional roles, serving as protection for the nurse, the patient and the institution where health care is provided

Nurse practice acts

Laws established in each state in the united states to regulate the practice of nursing

Theory

Group of concepts that describe a pattern of reality

Concepts

Abstract impressions organized into symbols of reality

Florence nightingale

A pioneering nurse and founder of modern nursing, Florence Nightingale is known for her significant contributions to healthcare and nursing education, particularly her work during the Crimean War.

Hildegard peplau

A psychiatric nurse and theorist known for her model of interpersonal relationships in nursing, which emphasized the importance of nurse-patient interactions.

Virgina Henderson

A nurse theorist known for her definition of nursing and the 14 components of basic nursing care, Virginia Henderson emphasized the importance of patient independence and self-care.

Faye Abdullah

A prominent nursing theorist known for her work on the concept of transpersonal caring and the development of nursing as a science.

Ida Jean Orlando

A nursing theorist recognized for her theory of the nursing process and the concept of the therapeutic relationship between nurses and patients.

Weston’s wiedenbach

A nurse theorist known for her prescriptive theory of nursing practice, which emphasizes the importance of the patient-nurse relationship and the art of nursing in caring for patients.

Lydia hall

A nursing theorist known for her model of nursing that incorporates three interrelated components: care, cure, and core.

Myra Levine

A nursing theorist known for her conservation model, which emphasizes the importance of maintaining patient stability through four conservation principles: energy, structural integrity, personal integrity, and social integrity.

Martha rogers

A nursing theorist known for her Science of Unitary Human Beings, emphasizing the interaction between humans and their environment for optimal health.

Dorothea Orem

A nursing theorist known for her Self-Care Deficit Theory, which focuses on the individual’s ability to perform self-care and the nurse’s role in supporting patients to meet their self-care needs.

Imogene king

A nursing theorist renowned for her Goal Attainment Theory, which focuses on the interaction between nurse and patient in achieving health care goals.

Betty Newman

A nursing theorist known for her Systems Model, which emphasizes a holistic approach to patient care and the importance of stressors that can affect a person's health.

Sister Calista Roy

A nursing theorist best known for the Adaptation Model, which views the patient as an adaptive system and emphasizes the importance of fostering adaptation in response to health challenges.

Madeleine leiniger

A nursing theorist recognized for her Transcultural Nursing Theory, which addresses the impact of culture on patient care and the need for culturally competent nursing practices.

Jean Watson

A prominent nursing theorist known for her Theory of Human Caring, which focuses on the ethical and philosophical foundations of nursing practice, emphasizing the importance of caring in the healing process.

Margaret a newman

A nursing theorist known for her Health as Expanding Consciousness theory, which emphasizes the interconnectedness of individuals and their health, promoting a holistic approach to nursing care.

Dorothy Johnson

A nursing theorist known for her Behavioral System Model, which emphasizes the importance of understanding individual behavior and the patient's system in promoting health.

Rosemarie parse

A nurse theorist known for her Human Becoming Theory, which emphasizes the individual's perspective in the nursing process and the meaning of health and illness.

Nola pender

Nola Pender developed the Health Promotion Model, focusing on how individual experiences shape health behaviors. Her work emphasizes the importance of personal beliefs and the impact of social and environmental factors on health.

Katherine kolcaba

A nursing theorist best known for her Comfort Theory, which focuses on providing holistic comfort to patients during their care.

primary prevention

The first level of health care aimed at preventing disease and promoting health before it occurs. It includes health education, immunizations, and lifestyle modifications.

secondary prevention

The second level of health care that aims to detect and treat disease early, minimizing its impact. It includes screenings, early interventions, and monitoring for individuals at risk.

tertiary prevention

The third level of health care focused on managing and rehabilitating patients after a disease has been diagnosed, aiming to prevent further complications and improve quality of life. It includes extensive medical treatment, rehabilitation services, and palliative care.

health promotion

a process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. It involves a combination of educational and environmental strategies to support healthy behaviors.

evidence based practice

a problem-solving approach to decision-making in healthcare that integrates the best available research evidence with clinical expertise and patient preferences.

ANA standards of practice

guidelines established by the American Nurses Association that define the responsibilities and ethical practices of nurses in providing care to patients.

maslows hierarchy

of needs, a psychological theory that ranks human needs in a pyramid, from basic physiological needs at the bottom to self-actualization at the top, influencing patient care and motivation.

chronic illness

a long-term health condition that may not be amenable to curative treatment, requiring ongoing management and lifestyle adjustments.

acute illness

a severe, rapid-onset health condition that typically results in significant symptoms and requires immediate care or intervention.

culture

refers to the shared beliefs, values, norms, and practices of a particular group, influencing health behaviors and perceptions in nursing.

cultural competence

the ability of healthcare providers to understand, respect, and effectively respond to the cultural needs of patients.

Quanitative research

a systematic investigation that involves the collection and analysis of numerical data to identify patterns, relationships, or trends.

qualitative research

a method of inquiry that gathers non-numerical data, such as interviews and observations, to understand concepts, experiences, or social phenomena.

ethnicity

a category of people who share common cultural characteristics, such as language, religion, and customs.

cultural assessment

a systematic approach to understanding the cultural background, beliefs, and values of individuals or groups in order to provide effective healthcare.

culturally congruent care

healthcare that is tailored to fit the cultural beliefs and practices of patients, ensuring respect and understanding.

altruism

the selfless concern for the well-being of others, often reflected in nursing practice as a core value.

autonomy

the ability of patients to make informed decisions about their own healthcare, respecting their independence and right to self-determination.

human dignity

the inherent worth of each individual, requiring respect and ethical treatment in healthcare.

integrity

the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles, essential for building trust in nurse-patient and colleague relationships.

social justice

the equitable distribution of resources and opportunities, ensuring that all individuals have access to quality healthcare regardless of their background.

nonmalefience

the ethical principle of doing no harm to patients and preventing harm in healthcare practices.

beneficence

the ethical principle of acting in the best interest of patients, promoting their well-being and providing beneficial care.

fidelity

the ethical principle of keeping commitments and maintaining trust in the nurse-patient relationship, ensuring honesty and accountability in care.

justice

the ethical principle of fairness in healthcare, ensuring that patients have equal access to medical resources and treatments.

principle based approach

to ethical decision-making in nursing that emphasizes the application of ethical principles such as beneficence, nonmaleficence, fidelity, and justice to guide practice.

virtues

are character traits or qualities that promote the good of individuals and communities in nursing practice.

advocacy

involves supporting and representing patient interests to ensure their needs and rights are met in healthcare settings.

nurse practice acts

are state laws that regulate nursing practice and define the scope of nursing responsibilities to ensure safe and competent care.

crime

refers to actions that violate laws established by societal norms, which can impact public health and safety in nursing practice.

tort

a civil wrong that causes harm or loss to another person, typically resulting in legal liability.

negligence

is a failure to take proper care in doing something, resulting in harm or injury to another person. In nursing, it can involve not meeting the standard of care expected, leading to patient harm.

The IHI triple Aim

population health

experience of care

per capita cost

eriksons stages

of psychosocial development that outline eight key conflicts throughout a person's life that influence personality and behavior.

Piagets stage

of cognitive development describes how children's thinking evolves through four distinct stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational.

growth vs development

refers to the differences between physical changes (growth) and the progressive changes in skills and capabilities (development) throughout a person's life.

moral development

is a process that describes how individuals evolve their moral reasoning and ethical understanding through various stages, including pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional levels.

palliative care

is a specialized approach in medical care focused on providing relief from symptoms and stress of serious illness. It aims to improve quality of life for both the patient and their family.

QSEN

(Quality and Safety Education for Nurses) is an initiative that aims to prepare nurses with the competencies needed to continuously improve the quality and safety of healthcare systems.

clinical thinking

is the ability to analyze information, make decisions, and solve problems in clinical settings, integrating scientific knowledge with patient care.

clinical reasoning

is the cognitive process that nurses use to evaluate and understand patient situations, enabling appropriate clinical decisions based on evidence and patient needs.

clinical judgment

is the process by which nurses assess patients, synthesize information, and make informed decisions about care based on clinical knowledge and experience.