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Define “Blood Banking”
The procedures involved in collecting, storing, and processing blood and the distribution of RBCs and blood components.
Define “Immunohematology"
The academic knowledge and procedures involving the study of the immunologic responses to blood components.
Define “Transfusion Medicine“
The medical practice and techniques associated with replacement of RBCs and blood components.
What are blood group systems?
A group of antigens produced at a single gene locus or closely linked loci
(locus = a point or place, loci is plural of locus)
In blood group systems, each antigen is given a 6-digit numerical terminology by the who?
the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT)
What are the major blood groups?
ABO
Rh
Blood is grouped based on?
The antigen on the cell surface
In the ABO system, how many types are there?
4
In the ABO system, in the order of A, B, AB, and O, what antibodies are present?
Anti-B, Anti-A, None, Anti-A & Anti-B
In the ABO system, in the order of A, B, AB, and O, what antigens are present?
A-antigen, B-antigen, A&B antigens, None
If there is Rh, then…
…your blood group is positive.
If there isn’t Rh, then…
…your blood group is negative.
What are the six steps in Blood Transfusion?
Donor Screening
Blood Collection
Component Preparation
Compatibility Testing
Blood Transfusion
Investigation of Blood transfusion reactions
During Donor Screening, what is required?
Medical History
Physical Exam
Serologic Tests
During donor screening, what is taken during the Physical Exam?
General appearance
Weight
Temperature
Pulse
Blood pressure
Hemoglobin
Skin lesion
During donor screening, what serologic tests are taken?
ABO/Rh
Antibody screen
HBsAg
Anti-HCV
Anti-HIV ½
Anti-HTLV I/II (human T-lymphocytotropic virus)
Serologic test for syphilis
Malarial smear
In Blood Collection, how much blood is collected?
450 mL
In Blood Collection, what anticoagulant allows up to 35 days of storage after collection?
CPDA-1 (Citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine)
In Special Blood Donation, what does Autologous mean?
The donor and the recipient are the same person.
In Special Blood Donation, what does Apheresis mean?
Whole blood is withdrawn, a desired component is separated and retained, and the remainder of the blood is returned to the donor.
In Special Blood Donation, what is done under the Therapeutic donation?
Removal of a blood component to alleviate symptoms caused by an underlying disease.
What is Component therapy and its purpose?
Transfusion of the specific blood component needed by the patient.
The purpose of Component therapy is?
To treat anemia or blood loss and insufficient coagulation proteins/platelets to provide adequate hemostasis.
What elements of blood are included in Component Preparation?
Whole Blood
Packed RBCs
Platelet concentrate
Plasma derivatives
In Component Preparation, what is under Plasma Derivatives?
Fresh Frozen Plasma
Cryoprecipitate
Factor IX Concentrate
Albumin
Immunoglobin
In Compatibility Testing, what is the purpose of ABO & Rh typing?
To check if the blood is the same type as the patient’s.
In Compatibility Testing, what is Forward Typing?
The search for an antigen’s presence using an antibody as reagent.
In Compatibility Testing, what is Crossmatching?
Testing of the patient’s serum with the donor’s RBCs.
The color of Anti-A antibodies are?
Blue
The color of Anti-B antibodies are?
Yellow
The color of Anti-D antibodies are?
Colorless
Free table on Anti A, B, D!
Free table on Blood Groups, Antigens and Antibodies, and where blood can/can’t be given!
What is the goal in Blood Transfusion? (percentage)
75% of the RBCs transfused from one person to another should remain viable for 24 hours.
In blood transfusion reactions, if there is a positive check, then there is?
Clumping
In blood transfusion reactions, if there is a negative check, then there is?
No clump, homogenous
Note
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