prelims

What is the histologic technique that removes alcohol from tissue?

Clearing

Which staining method makes nuclei appear dark blue or purple?

Eosin-staining method with hematoxylin

What is the most common fixative used in histology?

Formalin

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Regulation of the movement of molecules.

Which organelle is involved in both the production and destruction of hydrogen peroxide?

Peroxisome

Where are zymogen granules typically found?

In enzyme-producing cells.

What is the largest structure found in most cells?

Nucleus

Which type of epithelial tissue is efficient for absorption?

Simple columnar epithelium.

Which epithelial tissue can withstand stretching?

Transitional epithelium.

Which organ contains the epithelial tissue that withstands stretching?

Urinary bladder.

Which epithelial tissues have protective functions?

Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium of the skin, Non-Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium of the esophagus, and Non-Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium of the vagina

Which type of epithelial tissue performs secretory functions?

Simple Squamous epithelium of endocrine glands, Simple Squamous epithelium of serous membrane.

Which apical surface structure is responsible for cell motility?

Flagella.

What type of junction is a desmosome?

Anchoring junction.

What is the function of desmosomes?

Binds epithelial cells together to the basal membrane.

What differentiates Non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium from keratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

The presence of keratinized epithelial cells in keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

What type of gland is the ceruminous gland classified as?

Apocrine gland.

Where are the secretions of endocrine glands released?

In the blood.

To which category of epithelium do mesothelium and endothelium belong?

Simple squamous epithelium.

Which structure is not typically found in epithelial tissue?

Capillaries.

Which of the following is not considered an epithelium?

Keratinized stratified cuboidal epithelium.

What is the predominant cell type in areolar connective tissue?

Fibroblast.

What differentiates dense regular connective tissue (DRCT) from dense irregular connective tissue (DICT)?

The arrangement of fibers.

Which of the following are not modified loose connective tissues (LCT)?

(cartilage, bone, blood - specialized).

the of the following is classified as loose connective tissue?

(lamina propria, submucosa, reticular tissue).

Which type of cell is involved in inflammation and allergic reactions?

Mast cell.

Which cell type produces immunoglobulins?

Plasma cell.

What type of connective tissue binds muscle to bone?

Tendon (DICT).

Are phagocytes found in some connective tissues?

True.

What is the predominant cell in elastic tissue?

Fibroblast.

What type of connective tissue is the reticular layer of the dermis made of?

Dense irregular connective tissue (DICT).

What type of connective tissue makes up the papillary layer of the dermis?

Loose connective tissue (OLCT).

Which type of connective tissue is made of OLCT?

(lamina propria, adventitia, mesentery).

What tissue type envelops most cartilages in the human body?

Perichondrium.

What causes interstitial growth in cartilage?

Production of cartilage matrix by young chondrocytes.

What type of cartilage is found in the plane joint?

Hyaline cartilage.

What hormone increases calcium levels in the blood by suppressing osteoblast activity?

Calcitonin.

What vitamin promotes the intestinal absorption of calcium?

Vitamin D.

Which two minerals are responsible for hardening bone?

Calcium and phosphorus.

What type of collagen is abundant in bone tissue?

Type 1 collagen.

Which of the following cannot be found in compact bone?

Osteocyte (found in lamellae).

Which layers are not arranged around a Haversian canal?

Circumferential and interstitial layers.

Which cells are found in the lamellae?

(osteocyte, matured chondrocyte, young osteocyte).

Which type of cartilage is found in the auricle and auditory tube?

Elastic cartilage.

What type of cartilage is found in intervertebral discs?

Fibrous cartilage.

Which cell type is involved in bone formation and resorption?

Osteoblast.

What structure is found in the canaliculi of bone tissue?

Cytoplasmic processes of osteocytes.

What is the fetal skeleton primarily made of?

Hyaline cartilage.

What type of connective tissue is a tendon?

Dense regular connective tissue (DRCT).

What is the adult skeleton primarily made of?

Bone.

What type of connective tissue is the fibrous layer of the periosteum?

Dense irregular connective tissue (DICT).

What is the fibrous layer of the perichondrium made of?

Dense irregular connective tissue (DICT).

What type of epithelial tissue lines the luminal surface of the small intestine?

Simple columnar epithelium.

What type of epithelial tissue lines the luminal surface of the ureter?

Transitional epithelium.

What type of epithelial tissue makes up the external surface of the skin?

Stratified squamous epithelium .

What type of epithelial tissue lines the luminal surface of the trachea?

Pseudostratified epithelium.

What type of epithelium makes up the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule?

Simple squamous epithelium (SSE).