Exam 4 Lecture Review

mansour review

The process of dehorning exposes what specific compartment?

Cornual Diverticulum of the Caudal Frontal Sinus

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following is not a compartment of the caudal frontal sinus?

Medial Diverticulum

3 multiple choice options

T/F: Unlike the horse, the maxillary sinus in the ruminant has no dividing septum.

True

1 multiple choice option

The maxillary sinus communicates with the nasal cavity via what structure?

Middle Nasal Meatus

2 multiple choice options

T/F: The maxillary sinus of the ruminant has full communication with the caudal frontal sinus, just like the horse.

False

1 multiple choice option

The maxillary sinus extends caudally into what structure?

Lacrimal Bulla

The maxillary sinus communicates with what structure dorsally?

Lacrimal Sinus

What are the structures that communicate with the maxillary sinus in the ruminant?

-Lacrimal Sinus

-Nasal Cavity

What structure should you prevent from damaging when performing an enucleation?

Lacrimal Bulla

What type of tooth is described as having a visible neck and are whiter?

Deciduous/Temporary Teeth

1 multiple choice option

What is the permanent dental formula for ruminants?

-0/4 Incisors

-3/3 Premolars

-3/3 Molars

How many total permanent teeth do ruminants have?

32

The outer mandibular incisors (304 and 404) are considered the...

Mandibular Canines

What are the three criteria for aging ruminants?

-Eruption

-Full Development

-Leveling

Incisors will take between ______ months after erupting to reach full development.

6-12

What is the average eruption time for the central incisors?

18 months

3 multiple choice options

What is the average eruption time for the 1st intermediate incisors (I2).

27 months

3 multiple choice options

What is the average eruption time for the 2nd intermediate incisors (I3).

36 months

3 multiple choice options

What is the average eruption time for the corner incisors (I4).

45 months

3 multiple choice options

At what age do the central incisors become fully developed?

2 years

3 multiple choice options

At what age do the 1st intermediate incisors become fully developed?

3 years

3 multiple choice options

At what age do the 2nd intermediate incisors become fully developed?

4 years

3 multiple choice options

At what age do the corner incisors become fully developed?

5 years

3 multiple choice options

At what age are the central incisors considered level?

6 years

3 multiple choice options

At what age are the 1st intermediate incisors considered level?

7 years

3 multiple choice options

At what age are the 2nd intermediate incisors considered level?

8 years

3 multiple choice options

At what age are the corner incisors considered level?

9 years

3 multiple choice options

What are the land marks for blocking the cornual nerve in the cow?

-Lateral Canthus of the Orbit

-Base of the Horn

-Along Temporal Line

Which cranial nerve is the source of the cornual nerve?

CN V (Maxillary Branch)

What are the landmarks for blocking the Auriculopalpebral nerve in the cow?

-Lateral Canthus of the Orbit

-Base of the Ear

-Along the Zygomatic Arch

What cranial nerve is the source of the Auriculopalpebral nerve?

CN VII

3 multiple choice options

What vessel in the head of cows is used to detect a pulse?

Facial Artery

What vessel in the head is of goats is used to detect a pulse?

Transverse Facial Artery

T/F: There is no facial artery in small ruminants.

True

1 multiple choice option

What structure must you bypass when passing a speculum?

Torus Linguae

1 multiple choice option

What structure of the tongue is a convenient location for foreign objects and build-up of bacteria?

Lingual Fossa

1 multiple choice option

What vessel should be avoided when attempting a trephination of the frontal sinus?

Frontal Vein

The frontal vein runs along what structure?

Supraorbital Groove

Which branch of the facial nerve is more vulnerable to damage when in lateral recumbency?

Dorsal Buccal Branch

1 multiple choice option

What is the main collection center of the head?

Lateral Retropharyngeal Lymph Nodes

1 multiple choice option

The enlargement of which lymph nodes can result in compression of the nasopharynx and dyspnea?

Medial Retropharyngeal Lymph Nodes

1 multiple choice option

What is the nerve block administered for enucleation?

Peterson's Nerve Block

What two nerves innervate the horn in the cow?

-Cornual

-Great Auricular (C2)

What are the three nerves that innervate the horn in the goat?

-Cornual

-Supratrochlear

-Great Auricular

What are the landmarks for Peterson's nerve block?

-Frontal Process of Zygomatic Bone

-Temporal Process of Zygomatic Bone

-Zygomatic Process of Frontal Bone

What structures must be avoided when performing a Peterson's nerve block?

-Coronoid Process

-Pterygoid Crest

What cranial nerves pass through the formen orbitorotundum?

-III

-IV

-Maxillary and Ophthalmic Br. of V

-VI

The cornual nerve provides (motor/sensory) innervation to the horns.

Sensory

1 multiple choice option

Which part of the nuchal ligament attaches to the external occipital protuberance?

Funicular

1 multiple choice option

The laminar portion of the nuchal ligament attaches to what vertebrae?

C2-C7

What is the dorsal boundary of the jugular groove?

Brachiocephalicus, specifically the cleidomastoideus

What is the ventral boundary of the jugular groove in cattle?

Sternomandibularis

What is the ventral boundary for the jugular groove in goats?

Sternozygomaticus

T/F: Sheep do not have a sternozygomaticus.

True

1 multiple choice option

T/F: Ruminants have both right and left azygous veins.

True

1 multiple choice option

What is the purpose of the os cordis?

Supports the aortic valve

Which lobe of the long has a separate tracheal bronchus?

Right Cranial Lobe

What happens if the caudal mediastinal lymph node is enlarged?

-Compresses the dorsal vagal trunk

-impedes eructation

-Presses down on descending aorta

Where is a common location of esophageal choke?

Esophageal Hiatus

What is the dorsal boundary for lung auscultation?

Epaxial Muscles

What is the cranial boundary for lung auscultation?

Caudal Border of Triceps

What is the caudal border for lung auscultation?

Basal Border of Lungs

What structure does the left azygous vein drain into?

Coronary Sinus

What are the lobes of the left lung?

-Cranial Lobe divided into cranial and caudal parts

-Caudal Lobe

What are the lobes of the right lung?

-Cranial Lobe divided into cranial and caudal parts

-Middle Lobe

-Accessory Lobe

-Caudal Lobe

The right cranial lung lobe is independently ventilated by ...

Right tracheal bronchus

When placing an endotracheal tube with inflatable cuffs, what structure should you avoid/stay cranially from?

Right Tracheal Bronchus

T/F: The tracheal bronchus that independently ventilates the right cranial lung lobe does not arise from the principal bronchus.

True

1 multiple choice option

The muscle fibers of the EAO run in what direction?

Caudoventrally

1 multiple choice option

The muscle fibers of the IAO run in what direction?

Crainoventrally

What is the dorsal boundary for the paralumbar fossa?

Tip of transverse process of lumbar vertebrae

What is the cranial boundary of the paralumbar fossa?

Last Rib

What is the caudal boundary of the paralumbar fossa?

IAO

Bloat is relieved via trocarization of the (right/left) paralumbar fossa.

Left

1 multiple choice option

The proximal paravertebral nerve block is performed close to the...

Intervertebral Foramina

The distal paravertebral nerve block is performed at the...

Tips of the lumbar vertebrae

If you are blocking the T13 spinal nerve for a distal paravertebral block, where would you administer it?

Tip of L1 vertebrae

1 multiple choice option

What muscles does a proximal paravertebral nerve block paralyze?

Epaxial Muscles

What three spinal nerves innervate the flank?

-T13

-L1

-L2

Where is the cardia located in the ruminant?

7th ICS or 8th Rib

What structure do you search for pings on the left paralumbar fossa?

Rumen

What structure do you search for pings on the right paralumbar fossa?

Cecum

What structure is used in the correction of a displaced abomasum via a abomasopexy?

Pigs Ear

In a cow, the pigs ear is a feature of the...

Greater Omentum

1 multiple choice option

In a goat, the pigs ear is a feature of the...

Lesser Omentum

1 multiple choice option

The omasum lies on the (right/left) side of the ruminant?

Right

1 multiple choice option

What is the nickname of the omasum?

Butcher's Bible

What procedure is the suturing of the omentum to the body wall in order to prevent a displaced abomasum?

Omentopexy

What is the third compartment of the stomach in a ruminant?

Omasum

What is the last compartment in which ingesta flows through before the small intestine?

Abomasum

What are the first two compartments in which ingesta enters from the esophagus?

Reticulum and Rumen

What pillar/groove divides the rumen into dorsal and ventral sacs?

Longitudinal Pillar/Groove

What is the name of the cranial sac of the rumen?

Atrial Ruminis or Ruminal Atrium

What pillars of the rumen make up the caudodorsal blind sac?

-Dorsal Coronary Pillar

-Caudal Pillar

What pillars of the rumen make up the caudoventral blind sac?

-Ventral Coronary Pillar

-Caudal Pillar

What is the mist cranial part of the ventral sac of the rumen?

Ruminal Recess

What is the fold of the reticulum in which the reticulo-omasal orifice is found?

Reticular Groove

Is a left or right displaced abomasum more common?

Left Displaced Abomasum

1 multiple choice option

Where should you ping to find a displaced abomasum or gas cap?

Line from point of elbow to the tuber coxae

What structure connects the lesser curvature of the abomasum to the liver?

Lesser Omentum