1455-1459 knowledge questions

Which two nobles did Richard, Duke of York and Warwick have to pay compensation to?

Lord Clifford + Duke of Somerset

After the Second Protectorate, York is paid for that Protectorate and the first one. How much did he receive?

£1806

25th May 1455 ‘Crown Wearing ceremony’ at St Paul’s. Who puts the crown on Henry’s head? (Who should?)

Richard Duke of York (Archbishop of Canterbury)

9th July: Parliament is called (known as the conciliation parliament). Name two things Henry decrees at this parliament.

People were forbidden to talk of the battle ever again.

Somerset is blamed for battle.

General pardon issued.

Name two people, and the positions that they gained in July 1455

York appointed:

• his brother-in-law Viscount Bouchier to be Treasurer

• Salisbury was given role of Chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster

• Archbishop Thomas Bouchier remained in post as Chancellor and became increasingly aligned with Yorkists.

• Warwick’s man, John Wenlock was made speaker of the House

When did York’s Second Protectorate officially start and end?

Start: Nov 1455

End: Feb 1456

Who did Margaret of Anjou appoint as Keeper of the Privy Seal in Sept 1456?

Sir Lawrence Booth

Which two nobles helped to defeat a Scottish invasion in August 1456?

Richard Duke of York and Warwick

Name someone who benefited from Margaret of Anjou’s reshuffle in Oct 1456, and the role they gained

• Henry Bouchier dismissed for Earl of Shrewsbury (treasurer)

• Archbishop Bouchier dismissed as chancellor for Bishop of Winchester

Name a castle which Margaret of Anjou prepared for conflict in 1457-8

• January 1457 MoA ordered a vast stock of arms and ammunition to be sent to Kenilworth Castle

• Tutbury Castle’s defenses were bolstered

Which French captain, and ally of MoA, plundered the town of Sandwich?

**Pierre de Breze**

The victorious Frenchmen were seen to play tennis in the smoking ruins of the town. The Yorkists used this to launch further anti-Lancastrian propaganda

What did Margaret of Anjou introduce in Dec 1457? (And why was this criticised?)

December 1457 Margaret introduced conscription.

(Yorkists said it was a French invention)

Give one piece of evidence to demonstrate the poor relationship between MoA and Warwick in 1458.

• Margaret called Warwick to council to answer charges of piracy.

• He responded by arriving with 600 armed retainers

Riots in London began in protest and in the confusion the Attorney General was murdered.

• MoA sent pikemen in to restore order. The trial collapsed

• Warwick accused MoA of trying to have him killed in the royal kitchens

Which title did Warwick refuse to give up to Somerset in Nov 1458?

Captain of Calais-

Claimed only parliament had the authority to do so. He was attacked by retainers of Somerset and Clifford and returned to Calais

Name a couple made to hold hands at the Love Day ceremony in spring 1458.

York and MoA

Give evidence of military escalation surrounding Love Day

• All came to London with retainers

• MoA ordered 500 pikes and 500 leaden coated clubs to be made, 3 new cannon immediately afterwards

What did the Mayor of Coventry gift to MoA? Why?

Valencian oranges (very expensive!)

Moving court to Coventry

Who failed to attend the Council at Coventry in June 1459?

York, Salisbury, Warwick, Viscount Bouchier, Bishop of Exeter and the Archbishop of Canterbury

Who marched unopposed through London in Sept 1459?

Warwick

Left Calais with 200 men at arms and 400 archers, leaving his uncle, Lord Fauconberg in charge. On 21st September 1459 he marched through London, unopposed

How did Margaret alter Warwick’s plan?

Use her army to block his path to Warwick Castle- he detoured to Ludlow to meet Richard Duke of York

Which nobles led the two sides at Blore Heath?

Salisbury- Yorkists

Audley- Lancastrians

Why did the Yorkist leaders flee at Ludford Bridge?

Treachery of Calais Garrison: Trollope and Blunt

Had promised troops H6 wouldn’t be there… he was!

How did the Yorkist leaders manage to flee?

Asked a friar to continue to fire cannons through the night to give the impression they were there

What was the nickname for the Parliament held in Nov 1459?

Parliament of Devils

How many acts of attainder were passed at the Nov 1459 Parliament?

27- including against Salisbury, Warwick and York