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Allele
Alternate forms of a gene.
Carrier
A heterozygous individual who is 'carrying' the recessive allele.
Dihybrid cross
A genetics cross in which the inheritance of 2 traits is studied.
Dominant
The allele that is expressed in the heterozygote.
F1
The offspring of the parental generation.
F2
The offspring of a cross of 2 F₁ individuals.
Genotype
The alleles that an individual has for a particular gene.
Heterozygous
A genotype consisting of 2 different alleles; not true-breeding.
Homozygous
A genotype consisting of 2 identical alleles; true-breeding.
Monohybrid cross
A genetics cross in which the inheritance of a single trait is studied.
P
Parental or original generation in a series of genetic crosses.
Pedigree
A family tree in which phenotypes of individuals are represented by standard symbols and the inheritance of a trait of interest is shown among family members.
Phenotype
The physical appearance or expression of a genotype.
Punnett square
A graphic device in which all possible outcomes of a cross between 2 individuals are depicted.
Recessive
An allele that is masked in the heterozygote.
Test cross
A cross between an individual of unknown genotype and an individual with the homozygous recessive genotype.
True-breeding
Homozygous.
Wild type
The most common phenotype in natural populations.