WHAP- Unit 5 & 6

The Enlightenment

An intellectual/cultural movement focusing on reasoning, skepticism, and nationalism of humankind in relation to the government.

Natural Rights

Basic god-given rights that government should protect as people are capable of self-rule.

Social Contract

A theory that individuals consent to surrender some freedoms for the protection of remaining rights.

Deism

The belief that a supreme being created the universe but does not intervene in it.

Voltaire

An Enlightenment thinker who advocated for freedom of speech, religion, and the separation of church and state.

American Revolution

The colonial revolt against British rule that resulted in independence and the establishment of the United States.

French Revolution

A revolution in France that aimed at ending the monarchy and establishing a republic.

Constitutional Monarchy

A system of governance where a monarch shares power with a constitutionally organized government.

Napoleonic Codes

Legal codes established by Napoleon that reflected principles of equality and paternalism.

Industrial Revolution

A period of significant industrial growth marked by technological advancements and the shift to factory-based production.

Laissez-faire

An economic philosophy of minimal government intervention in the market.

Marxism

A political and economic theory advocating for the working class to rise up against the bourgeoisie, leading to a classless society.

Italian Unification

The process of consolidating separate Italian states into a single nation under the leadership of figures like Victor Emmanuel II and Giuseppe Garibaldi.

German Unification

The political and economic unification of numerous German states into a single nation, largely driven by Otto von Bismarck.

Sepoy Mutiny

A rebellion against British rule in India sparked by cultural insensitivity towards Indian traditions.

Berlin Conference

A meeting where European powers regulated colonization and trade in Africa, leading to the Scramble for Africa.

Meiji Restoration

The period in Japan when the emperor was restored to power, marking the beginning of modern industrialization.

Monroe Doctrine

A policy declaring that the Americas should be free from European intervention.

Napoleon Bonaparte

A military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and became Emperor of France.

Committee of Public Safety

A political body during the French Revolution that played a crucial role in defending the revolution and enforcing its goals.

Jamaica Letter

A document written by Simon Bolívar that emphasized the need for unity and liberty among Latin American countries.

National Assembly

The assembly formed by representatives of the Third Estate in France during the early stages of the French Revolution.