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19th c Conservatism
A movement of people who believed that governments were more stable when based on traditional sources of power such as the monarchy and church.
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Edmund Burke
Member of British Parliament and author of Reflections on the Revolution in France, which criticized the underlying principles of the French Revolution and argued conservative thought.
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limited monarchy
government in which a constitution or legislative body limits the monarch's powers. Also called Constitutional Monarchy.
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natural order
The belief by 19th Century Conservatives that there is a hierarchy of people with power and authority flowing downwards from the upper classes.
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Joseph de Maistre
in favor of the hereditary absolute monarchy to maintain order. Believed political authority should be based on religious and moral teachings.
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Klemens von Metternich
The Foreign Minister of Austria; he had the most influence at the Congress of Vienna. "Architect of the Peace Plan"
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Congress of Vienna
First meeting to bring together all major Nations of Europe with a goal to determine the future of Europe and re-establish peace and stability through balance of power.
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Concert of Europe
Series of alliances in the first half of 19th c. to help prevent revolution. European countries would work together to crush any rebellions.
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balance of power
a political situation in which no one nation is powerful enough to pose a threat to others
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Ottoman Empire
A Muslim empire based in Turkey that lasted from the 1300's to 1922--in 1820s Greeks fought to break free of them.
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Decembrists
Russian army officers who were influenced by liberal ideas and wanted to overthrow Tsar Nicholas I in Russia--revolt was crushed.
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July Revolution
overthrow of French King Charles X in 1830--he was trying to be an Absolute Monarch.
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Revolutions of 1848
A series of political upheavals throughout Europe that ended the Concert of Europe.
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Napoleon III
became president of the Second Republic of France in 1848 and engineered a coup, making himself head of the Second Empire.
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Alexander II
A Russian Tsar who implemented rapid social change and general modernization of Russia and freed the Serfs.
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Alexander III
Politically reactionary Russian tsar who promoted economic modernization of Russia but crushed political reforms started by his father.
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Sergei Witte
russian minister of finance responsible for the economic modernization of Russia esp in the development of Russian industry/factories.
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Duma
Russian Parliament established after 1905 Revolution.
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Peter Stolypin
conservative Russian prime minister who attempted reforms to make Russian peasants more prosperous so that they could stabilize Russia and prevent revolution.
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hierarchy
a system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority.
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Carlsbad Decrees
Repressive laws in the German States after Napoleonic Wars limiting freedom of speech and spreading of liberal ideas in the universities
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reactionary
ultra-conservative, strongly opposed to change because of fear of chaos/a traumatic historical event.
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