1 Foundations of Biology

*FLASHCARDS ARE BUGGED

Disaccharides

Two sugars joined together.

Control group

A secondary experiment that is identical to the first, bar the single experimental variable being tested.

Cellular respiration

The process of releasing energy from food molecules using oxygen.

Natural selection

Individuals with features most suited to their environment survive and pass those features down to their offspring.

Hypothesis

A potential justification /explanation for things that are observed.

Peptide bonds

The chemical links between amino acids in proteins.

Speculations

Suggestions on what may be occurring based on results.

Phylogeny

The study of evolutionary relationships between organisms.

Biology

The study of living organisms.

Photosynthesis

The process of making the organic compound glucose with a by- product of oxygen, using carbon dioxide, sunlight and water by plants.

Independent

________ variable- the variable that is being tested.

Proteomics

________- the study of all proteins in an organism.

Scientific classification

The hierarchy of names based on phylogenetic relationships that encompasses all organisms.

Scientific method

________ is used to design and perform experimental investigations.

Conclusion

________- statement based on the observations and measurements.

Polysaccharides

________ are many sugars joined together.

Heat capacity

The amount of heat needed to change the temperature of an amount of matter by 1°C.

Carbon dioxide

________ is converted into energy by plants in photosynthesis, and returned to the environment through organic material decay and as a result of cellular respiration.

Nitrogen fixation

________ process of converting atmospheric nitrogen into compounds that plants can be used.

Monosaccharides

Subunits of carbohydrates; simple sugars.

Carbohydrates

Compounds made out of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

Biology

The study of living organisms

Theory

If the hypothesis has been proven as correct under all the conditions that it has been tested in, it becomes this (AKA principle)

Independent variable

The variable that is being tested

Dependent variable

The variable that is being measured when the independent variable changes

Controlled variable

The variables that are kept constant between experiments

Control group

A secondary experiment that is identical to the first, bar the single experimental variable being tested

Speculations

Suggestions on what may be occurring based on results

Conclusion

Statement based on the observations and measurements

Biological principles

Theories that are supported by immense amounts of evidence, that make it unlikely for it to be disproved in the future

Cell theory

A theory which states that all organisms are made of cells, that all cells come from pre-existing cells, and that the cell is the smallest living organisational unit

Phylogeny

study of evolutionary relationships between organisms

Scientific classification

Hierarchy of names based on phylogenetic relationships that encompasses all organisms

Natural selection

Individuals with features most suited to their environment survive and pass those features down to their offspring

Organic compounds

Complex compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen that are produced or found in living organisms

Inorganic compounds

All other compounds that are not formed of carbon and hydrogen

Surface tension

Bonds between the surface of molecules

Heat capacity

The amount of heat needed to change the temperature of an amount of matter by 1°C

Cellular respiration

The process of releasing energy from food molecules using oxygen

Photosynthesis

The process of making the organic compound glucose with a by-product of oxygen, using carbon dioxide, sunlight and water by plants

Lipids

Fat and oil molecules that store energy

Peptide bonds

The chemical links between amino acids in proteins

Vitamins

Organic materials used by animals in small amounts

interior fluid

All cells have a cell membrane that encloses the ________, cytoplasm.

Valid conclusions

________ depend on reliability of results and their interpretations.

chemical reactions

As ________ occur in the body produce heat, water present in the body can absorb said heat without heating the cells up significantly.

DNA

________ contains instructions to assemble new proteins from amino acids.

Waste

________ is produced as a result of the latter processes.

Mineral ions

________ (mineral salts) are retrieved from weathered rocks and absorbed into plant roots.

Observations

________ can reveal how organisms function and how they interact with others + the environment.