Roman history quiz 2

Nutrix

A wet nurse, a woman hired to breastfeed and care for children in Roman families.

Paedagogue

A tutor or slave responsible for guiding children, often acting as a moral influence.

Ludi magister

The primary school teacher who instructed young children in basic literacy, including reading and writing.

Grammaticus

The teacher who took over after the ludi magister, teaching grammar, literature, history, and sometimes philosophy.

Rhetor

A teacher of rhetoric who trained students in the art of persuasion, speech-making, and public speaking.

Progymnasmata

A set of preparatory exercises in rhetoric, including fables and themes for practice speeches.

Controversiae

Rhetorical exercises focusing on arguing a position in a dispute, used in advanced rhetoric training.

Suasoriae

Rhetorical exercises in which students would try to persuade a character in a historical or mythical situation.

Vir

A man, symbolizing strength, masculinity, and power.

Mulier

A woman, traditionally seen as softer and more submissive than men.

Stuprum

Sexual misconduct; men were penalized for sex with anyone they could not legally marry, while women were penalized for sex outside marriage.

Per vim stuprum

Rape or sexual assault by force.

Meretrix

A high-class prostitute, typically well-regarded and skilled.

Scortum

A derogatory term for a prostitute.

Lupa

A slang term for a prostitute, literally meaning 'she-wolf'.

Cinaedus

A man who plays a passive sexual role, often used derogatorily.

Pomerium

The sacred boundary around the city of Rome, marking a division between civilian and military space.

Triumph

A ceremonial procession celebrating military victories, often featuring the victorious general.

Campus Martius

A large public area outside the pomerium for military training, public events, and elections.

Syncretism

The blending of Roman gods with local deities as Rome expanded its empire.

Litatio

The successful completion of a religious sacrifice, signifying the gods' approval.

Instauratio

The restart of a religious ritual if it was deemed incorrect or if an omen was unfavorable.

Pax Deorum

The 'peace of the gods,' maintained through proper religious observance and rituals.

Sacra

Sacred rituals and ceremonies in Roman religious practice.

Pontifices

A group of priests responsible for overseeing religious practices and maintaining the sacred calendar.

Pontifex Maximus

The chief priest of Rome, a position that was later held by the emperor.

Fasti

The official calendar of religious festivals and observances in Rome.

Augures

Priests who interpreted the will of the gods through the observation of birds' behavior.

Haruspices

Priests who read the entrails of sacrificed animals to discern omens and the gods' will.

Quindecimviri Sacris Faciundis

A group of 15 priests responsible for consulting the Sibylline Books for religious guidance.

Sibylline Books

A collection of prophetic writings consulted during national crises, such as plagues.

Verism

A style of hyper-realistic portraiture emphasizing age and character.

Capite Velato

A style in portraiture where the subject's head is veiled, often in religious contexts.

Nodus

A knot in a hairstyle, especially in female portraits, symbolizing modesty or virtue.

Polychromy

The use of multiple colors in art, especially in sculpture and architectural decoration.

Fresco

A method of wall painting where pigments are applied to wet plaster.

In Tempera

A painting technique where pigments are mixed with egg yolk or other binders.

Trompe l’oeil

A painting technique creating the illusion of three-dimensional space.

Phallocentric Model

A worldview where male power and sexuality dominate cultural norms.

Priapus

A fertility god associated with the phallus, depicted as a protective figure.

Tintinnabula

Small bells with phallic symbols, used as charms to ward off evil.

Futuere

The active verb for vaginal intercourse, referring to the penetrative role.

Crisare

The passive verb for vaginal intercourse, referring to the penetrated role.

Pedicare

The active verb for anal intercourse, referring to the penetrative role.

Cevere

The passive verb for anal intercourse, referring to the penetrated role.

Irrumare

The active verb for oral intercourse, specifically for forcing oral sex on someone.

Fellare

The passive verb for oral sex, referring to performing oral sex.