Milady Standard Esthetics 12th Edition Terms

"Tech Neck"

rhytids (wrinkles) that develop due to the repeated movement of looking down at a cell phone or other electronic device

Abdominoplasty

procedure that removes excessive fat deposits and loose skin from the abdomen to tuck and tighten the area

Abduction

muscles that draw a body part, such as a finger, arm, or toe, away from the midline of the body or of an extremity; in the hand _ separates the fingers

Absorption

the transport of fully digested food into the circulatory system to feed the tissues and cells

Acai Berry

berry rich in antioxidants, vitamins A, B, C, and E; protects, replenishes; helps heal damaged skin

Accessory Nerve

also known as eleventh cranial nerve; a type of motor nerve that controls the motion of the neck and shoulder muscles

Acid-Alkali Neutralization Reactions

when acids are mixed with alkalis in equal proportions, balancing the total pH and forming water (H2O) and a salt

Acidic Solution

a solution that has a pH below 7.0 (neutral)

Acne

chronic inflammatory skin disorder of the sebaceous glands that is characterized by comedones and blemishes; commonly known as ____ simplex or ____ vulgaris

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

a disease that breaks down the body's immune system; _ is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Acquired Immunity

immunity that is developed after overcoming a disease, through inoculation (such as flu vaccinations), or through exposure to natural allergens (such as pollen, cat dander, and ragweed)

Actinic Keratosis

pink or flesh-colored precancerous lesions that feel sharp or rough; resulting from sun damage

Active Electrode

electrode of an electrotherapy device that is used on the area to be treated

Adduction

muscles that draw a body part, such as a finger, arm, or toes, inward toward the median axis of the body or of an extremity; in the hand, _ draws the fingers together

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism

Adipose Tissue

specialized connective tissue considered fat, which gives smoothness and contour to the body and cushions and insulates the body

Adrenal Glands

glands that are located the transport of fully digested food into the circulatory system to feed the tissues and cells

Albinism

absence of melanin pigment in the body, including skin, hair, and eyes; congenital leukoderma or congenital hypopigmentation

Alcohol

antiseptic and solvent used in perfumes, lotions, and astringents; specially denatured (SD) _ is a mixture of ethanol with a denaturing agent

Alcohol-Based Makedup

refers to makeup with extreme durability that is popular with special effects artists as well as for temporary tattoos; not ideal for prolonged wear as it can exacerbate dry skin

Algae

seaweed derivatives used as thickening agents, water-binding agents, and antioxidants; also nourishes the skin with vitamins and minerals

Alginate

often seaweed based masked applied after a serum or treatment cream; they come in powder form and are mixed with water or serums, and dry to form a rubberized texture

Alkaline Solution

a solution that has a pH above 7.0 (neutral)

Alkalis

also known as bases; compounds that react with acids to form salts

Alkanolamines

alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products

Allantoin

derived from the root of the comfrey plant, helps to soften and protect while actively soothing skin

Allergies

hypersensitivity disorders of the immune system

Aloe Vera

popular botanical used in cosmetic formulations; emollient and humectant with hydrating, softening, healing, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties

Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHAs)

acids derived from plants (mostly fruit) that are often used to exfoliate the skin; exfoliate by loosening the bonds between dead corneum cells (desmosomes) and dissolve the intercellular matrix; also stimulate cell renewal; examples: glycolic, lactic, malic, and tartaric acid

Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA)

a natural molecule found in every cell in the body; it is a powerful antioxidant and is soluble in water and oil

Alternating Current (AC)

rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction; produced by mechanical means and changes directions 60 times per second

Ammonia

colorless gas with a pungent odor that is composed of hydrogen and nitrogen

Ampere (A or AMP)

unit that measures the strength of an electric current

Ampoules

small, sealed vials containing a single application of highly concentrated extracts in a water or oil base

Anagen

first stage of hair growth during which new hair is produced

Analogous Colors

colors that are located directly next to each other on the color wheel

Anaphoresis

process of infusing an alkaline (negative) product into the tissues from the negative pole toward the positive pole

Anatomy

the study of human body structure that can be seen with the naked eye and how the body parts are organized and the science of the structure of organisms or of their parts

Anhidrosis

deficiency in perspiration, often a result of a fever or skin disease that requires medical treatment

Anhydrous

describes products that do not contain any water

Anion

an ion with a negative electrical charge

Anode

positive electrode of an electrotherapy device; the anode is usually red and marked with a P or a plus (+) sign

Antibiotics

substances that kill or slow the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms

Antiseptics

chemical germicides formulated for use on skin; registered and regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Aorta

the arterial trunk that carriers blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body

Apocrine Glands

coiled structures attached to hair follicles found in the underarm and genital areas that secrete sweat

Argan Oil

derived from the kernels of the argan tree; very light botanical oil used as an emollient

Aromatherapy

therapeutic use of plant aromas and essential oils for beauty and health treatment purposes; involves the use of highly concentrated, nonoily, and volatile essential oils to induce such reactions as relaxation and invigoration, or to simply create a pleasant fragrance during a service

Arrector Pili Muscle

small, involuntary muscles in the base of the hair follicle that cause goose flesh when the appendage contracts, sometimes called goosebumps and papillae

Arteries

thick-walled muscular and flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the capillaries throughout the body

Arterioles

small arteries that deliver blood to capillaries

Astringents

also called toners, these liquids help remove excess oil on the skin

Atoms

the smallest chemical components (often called particles) of an element; structures that make up the element and have the same properties of the element

Atopic Dermatitis

excess inflammation; dry skin, redness, and itching from allergies and irritants

Auricularis Muscles

the three muscles of the ear that work together to move the ear upward, forward, or backward

Auriculotemporal Nerve

nerve that affects the external ear and skin above the temple, up to the top of the skull

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

the part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary muscles; regulates the action of the smooth muscles, glands, blood vessels, and heart

Axilla

the correct professional and anatomical term for the underarm; the region between the arm and the thoracic wall

Aymptomatic

showing no symptoms or signs of infection

Ayurveda

one of the world's oldest holistic healing systems; originated in India and is thought to be as much as 5,000 years old; translates from Sanskrit as "science of health and wellness"

Azulene

derived from the chamomile plant and characterized by its deep blue color; has anti-inflammatory and soothing properties

Bacteria

single-celled microorganisms that have both plant and animal characteristics; some bacteria are harmful, some are harmless

Bacterial Spores

bacteria capable of producing a protective coating that allows them to withstand very harsh environments and to shed the coating when conditions become more favorable to them

Bactericidal

capable of destroying bacteria

Balneotherapy

body treatments that use mud or fango, Dead Sea salt, seaweed, enzymes, or peat baths

Band Lashes (Strip Lashes)

eyelash hairs on a strip that are applied with adhesive to the natural lash line

Barrier Function

protective barrier of the epidermis; the corneum and intercellular matrix protect the surface from irritation and dehydration

Basal Cell Carcinoma

most common and the least severe type of skin cancer, which often appears as light, pearly nodules; characteristics include sores, reddish patches, or a smooth growth with an elevated border

Belly

middle part of a muscle

Benzoyl Peroxide

drying ingredient with antibacterial properties commonly used for blemishes and acne

Beta Hydroxy Acids (BHAs)

exfoliating organic acid; milder than alpha hydroxyl acids (AHAs); BHAs dissolve oil and are beneficial for oily skin; example: salicylic acid

Beta-Glucans

ingredients used in anti-aging cosmetics to help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by stimulating the formation of collagen

Biceps

muscle that produces the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm; lifts the forearm and flexes the elbow

Bilayers

a thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules; these membranes are flat sheets that form a continuous barrier around all cells

Biofilms

colonies of bacteria that adhere together and adhere to environmental surfaces

Blend (for electrolysis)

a modality of electrolysis combining alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC)

Blepharoplasty

a plastic surgery procedure that removes excess skin and/or fat in the upper or lower eyelids

Blood

nutritive fluid circulating through the cardiovascular system (heart, veins, arteries, and capillaries) to supply oxygen and nutrients to cells and tissues and to remove carbon dioxide and waste from them

Blood Vessels

tube-like structures that transport blood to and from the heart, and to various tissues of the body; include arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins

Bloodborne Pathogens

disease-causing microorganisms carried in the body by blood or body fluids, such as hepatitis and HIV

Blue Light

a light-emitting diode for use on clients to improve acne and reduce bacteria

Blush

makeup that gives the face a natural-looking glow and helps create facial balance

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

psychological disorder in which the client has a preoccupation with their appearance; they tend to fixate on minor appearance imperfections and see them as disfiguring

Body Masks

a body treatment involving the application of an exfoliating, hydrating, purification, or detoxification mask to the entire body; masks may include clay, cream, gel, or seaweed base

Body Scrubs

use of friction and products to exfoliate, hydrate, increase circulation, and nourish the skin

Body Systems

also known as systems, groups of body organs acting together to perform one or more functions; the human body is composed of 11 major systems

Body Wraps

wraps remineralize, hydrate, stimulate, or promote relaxation by using aloe, gels, lotions, oils, seaweed, herbs, clay, or mud

Booth Rental

also known as chair rental; a form of self-employment, business ownership, and tax designation, distinguished by renting a booth or station in a salon, spa, or barbershop

Botanicals

ingredients derived from plants

Botox

neuromuscular-blocking serum (botulinum toxin) that paralyzes nerve cells on the muscle when this serum is injected into it

Bracing

technique using one or both hands positioned to avoid client injury, keeping your hands steady and the client safe

Brain

part of the central nervous system contained in the cranium; largest and most complex nerve tissue; controls sensation, muscles, glandular activity, and the power to think and feel

Brain Stem

structure that connects the spinal cord to the brain

Bromhidrosis

foul-smelling perspiration, usually in the armpits or on the feet

Brow Comb

a tool used to brush eyebrow hairs into the desired position, creating a finely groomed look; in addition to the comb itself, many brow combs have a brush on one side

Brushes (Makeup)

used for applying and blending powder, blush, and eyeshadows, as they work better than sponge tips or fingers; vary in size, shape, make, use, cost, and longevity

Buccal Nerve

nerve that affects the muscles of the mouth

Buccinator

thin, flat muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw that compresses the cheeks and expels air between the lips

Bulla (plural: Bullae)

large blister containing watery fluid; similar to a vesicle, but larger

Business Operation

the recurring processes or activities involved in the running of a business for the purpose of producing income and value