PROTISTAS ex 2 biol

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22 Terms

1
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protistas son euka que

no son plantas, animales, ni fungi

NO son monofileticos

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celula euka

monofiletica

archaea especializada que adquiere NUCLEO y NUCLEAR ENVELOPE

adquiere DIGESTIVE VACUOLE

se pierde cell wall, instead FLEXIBLE cell surface. permita que crezca mas y que ENDOCITOSIS ocurra

CYTOSKELETON

MITOCONDRIO y CLOROPLASTOS se adquieren de bacterias por ENDOSYMBIOSIS

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primera funcion de mitocondrio

detoxify O2 by reducing it to water

pero luego para crear ATP

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evolucion de cloroplastos en serie de eventos endosimbioticos

endosimb PRIMARIA- eukaryote engulfed gram neg CYANOBACTERIA. gave rise to green/red algae chloroplast and land plants chloroplasts. mkaes 2 membranes

SECUNDARIA- ancestro de EUGLENOIDES engulfs a GREEN ALGAE, retaining the chloroplasts.

TERCIARIA- dinoflageado LOSES chloroplast, takes up other protists that had acquired CHLOROPLAST by secondary endosimb

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multicelularidad

todas celulas hacen todas funciones

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5 grupos de protistas

Stramenopiles

Alveolata

Rhizaria

Excavata

Amebozoas

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STRAMENOPILES

2 flagelos

Diatomeas

Algas pardas

Oomicetos

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Diatomeas

unicelulares

carotenoides

fijan carbon

primary producers en aguas

carbs/oils storage products. diatomeas died fell to ocean floor made petroleum

componente principal FITOPLANKTON

diatomaceous earth-se usa como insecticida clogs breathing pores insects

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Algas Pardas

multicel

fucoxantina

filamentosas o leaf like

usan alginic acid as glue. emulsifier

ex: SARGASSUM

giant kelp

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Oomicetos

“hongos acuaticos”

heterotrophic absorbative, saprobic

parasitos de aguacate, papas, uvas

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ALVEOLATA

ALVEOLI SACS beneath cell membrane

unicelular, photosynthetic

Dinoflagelados

Ciliados

Apicomplexos

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Dinoflagelados

2 flagelos

fotosinteticos

crean mareas rojas con toxinas

algunos causan bioluminiscencia

productores primarios materia org acuatica

endosimbiontes fotosinteticos ex: simbiosis con cnidarios(aniales q forman corales) para formar corales. BLANQUEAMIENTO ocurre cuando desaparece dinoflagelado. efecto de contaminacion

PFIESTERIA PISCICIDA- mata peces

CIGUATERA poisoning- por biomagnificacion el proximo que viene en cadena come mas que el anterior y acumulan CIGUATOXINA. humano. come MERO/BARRACUDA contaminado y se contamina. peces show no signs of contam. sintomas humanos: nausea, vomito, dolor barriga, diarrea

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Ciliados

covered in cilia

vacuola contractil (gets rid excess water)

vacuola digestiva (digests food ingested)

locomocion mas accurate en cilia que flagelos

2 tipos nucleo: micro/macro

CONJUGACION- proceso sexual, intercambian micronucleos intercambia genetic info sin reproducirse

ex: PARAMECIUM- TRICOCISTOS, agujitas lo defienden

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Apicomplexos

PARASITOS

complejo apical- masa organelos at tip helps parasite enter host cells

2 generos q causan enfermedades:

PLASMODIUM- causa MALARIA parasite in 2 hosts thruout life cycle: red blood cells + ANOPHELSE mosquitoes. transferred to humans thru bite of female vector mosquito

TOXOPLASMA- causa toxoplasmosis. hosts= rats + cats. causa que feto tenga malformacion

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RHIZARIA

unicelular con long, thin pseudopods

Foraminiferos

Radiolarians

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Foraminiferos

capa de CARBONATO DE CALCIO

forminiferan shells accumulate over years y forman piedra caliza

viven como plankton (org viven water surface) o bentos (fondo mar)

pseudopods extend thru shell to form sticky net that traps smaller plankton

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Radiolarians

radial symmetry

thin stiff pseudopods, glassy internal skeletons

pseudopods increase surface area for exchange materials and help cell float

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EXCAVATA

relacionados a diseases

Diplomonads + Parabasalidos

Heteroloboseans

Euglenidos + Kinetoplastidios

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Diplomonads + Parabasalidos

no mitocondrio

ex diplomonad: GIARDIA LAMBIA- water borne parasite causes intestinal disease

parabasalidos tiene undulacion en membranas oara locomocion

ex: TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS- causes STD

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Heteroloboseans

forma amorfa

ex: parasito NAEGLERIA causes fatal disease en sist nervioso

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Euglenidas + Kinetoplastidios

tienen flagelos con rod cristalina

mitondrio forma disco

eugl: spiral proteins under membrane control cell shape

photosynthetic or heterotrophic

kinto: PARASITES w 2 flagella 1 mitocondrio con KINETOPLASTO (multiple circular DNA)

ex:TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI causa MAL DE CHAGAS. kissing bug

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AMEBOZOA

Loboseans (amebas)

pseudopodos used for locomotion y fagocitosis

predators o parasites

ex: AMOEBA PROTEUS

Amoeba testada- use sand to form shells