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Program Counter
What holds the address of the next instruction to be executed
Input/Output, ALU, Control Unit, Memory
4 major subsystems of Von Neumann Architecture
cluster computing
What is MIMD parallel processing also called
data transfer
These operations move info between or within the different components of the computer
arithmetic
These operations cause the arithmetic/logic unit to perform a computation
compare
These operations compare two values and set an indicator on the basis of the results of the compare.
Program Counter
What holds the address of the next instruction to be executed
300-500
how many instructions does CISC have
branch
These operations alter the normal sequential flow of control
RISC and CISC
what are the 2 design philosophies that most modern processors use
Fetch, decode, execute
The control unit performs what 3 tasks
bus
what is a path for electrical signals called
registers, interconnections between components, and ALU circuitry
what is the ALU made of
data path
what are the components of the ALU together called
ALU and control unit
what are the 2 components of the CPU
SASD
a mass storage device where info is located by sequentially searching all the info that's stored
SASD
what doesn't require that all units of data be identifiable via unique addresses.
seek time
time needed to position the read/write head over the correct track
latency
the time for the beginning of the desired sector to rotate under the read/write head
RISC Machine
a machine that has a very small and simple instruction set, but where each instruction is highly optimized and executes very quickly
nonvolatile memory
what are hard drives an example of
DASDs and SASDs
the 2 distinct forms mass storage devices come in
DASDs
a mass storage device where equal access time's been eliminated. Every unit of info has a unique address, but time to access them varies.
volatile memory
memory that is lost when the computer is turned off
RAM
what is an example of volatile memory
nonvolatile memory
Storage that retains data even when powered down
hard drive
what is an example of nonvolatile memory
nonvolatile memory
are mass storage devices volatile or nonvolatile memory
high speed
is cache memory a low speed or high speed memory unit
data from the fetch instruction
what does the MDR contain
memory address to access
what does the MAR hold
destructive
what kind of store is MDR
nondestructive
what kind of store is MAR
memory
what is organized into addressable cells
MDR and MAR
data is fetched and stored into the cells based on what 2 components
decoder and fetch/store controller
what 2 things r used to organize memory
destructive store
When you store a new value in a memory cell and destroy its previous contents
nondestructive fetch
When you access the contents of a memory cell you only copy it; you do not destroy it.
nondestructive
is fetching nondestructive or destructive
memory
what is organized into addressable cells
MDR and MAR
data is fetched and stored into the cells based on what 2 components
decoder and fetch/store controller
what 2 things r used to organize memory
nanosecond
one billionth of a second
destructive store
When you store a new value in a memory cell and destroy its previous contents
terabyte
1 trillion bytes
destructive
is storing destructive or nondestructive
ROM
a special type of access memory where info has been prerecorded during manufacture. Information cannot be modified or removed, only fetched/accessed
address
A unique identifier given to each cell
yes
are addresses unsigned integers
sequential execution of instructions
one instruction at a time is fetched from memory and passed to the control unit, where it is decoded and executed
Computer Organization
the branch of computer science that studies computers in terms of their major functional units and how they work
sector
A disk storage unit containing an address, a data block, and a fixed number of bytes; sectors are arranged in concentric tracks on a disk
track
A single concentric circle of information on a disk
instruction register
a special memory location in the CPU that stores the current instruction that is being executed
clock
A microchip that regulates the timing and speed of all computer functions
fetch and store
what are the 2 basic memory operations
traffic officer
what does the fetch/store controller act like
instruction set
the set of all operations that can be executed by a processor
CISC
which uses less ram: CISC or RISC
Note 
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