Key term sound

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Physics

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39 Terms

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Sound

Vibrations through a medium

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Medium

What a wave is traveling through

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Compression

Medium when energy is squeezed together

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Refraction

Medium when spread apart

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Amplitude

The amount of energy producing the sound

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Elasticity

The tendency of a material to resume its initial shape after have been exposed to a distorting force

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Speed of sound

331 m/s @0 degrees in air; affected by temperature and medium

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Mach

The ratio of the speed of a fast moving object to the speed of sound

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Shock wave

Bow wave; coned shaped envelope created from splattering of air molecules at or above the speed of sound

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Sonic boom

Sound heard when traveling a multiple of the speed of sound

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Frequency

How often something occurs; cycles per second; responsible for sound

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Pitch

The apparent frequency of sound; the frequency you hear

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Echo

The reflection of a sound wave

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Absorption

The transfer of energy into heat due to the texture and shape of the surface

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Dead spot

Point of interference between two or more sound waves where no sound is heard

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Refraction

Bending of a sound wave due to a change in medium

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Diffraction

Bending of a sound wave due to a slit or obstruction

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Loudness

Proportional to the amplitude of the sound wave; not measurable

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Intensity

Power passing through a specific area; watts per unit area

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Sound level

Intensity level; the ratio of intensity to the lowest audible sound

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Lowest auditable sound

Hearing threshold; quietest sound able to hear

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Decibel

Units of sound level

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Doppler effect

The apparent change in frequency due to the motion of the source of sound or receiver of the sound

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Natural frequency

Frequency at which an object, once energized, vibrates; resonant frequency

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Resonance

When frequency of a vibrating object matches the objects natural frequency

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Fundamental frequency

Lowest frequency of sound produced by an object

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Harmonic

Frequency that is a multiple of the fundamental frequency

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Octave

Interval between two frequencies with a ratio of 2:1

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Beat

A pulsing variation in the loudness of a sound cause by interference when two tones of slightly different frequencies are played together

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Dissonance

Unpleasant combination of frequencies, out of tune

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Concinance

Pleasant combination of frequencies, in tune

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Chord

Combination of frequencies in consonance

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Quality of sound

How well a sound can be heard

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Ear

Organ of hearing that is responsible for maintains equilibrium as well as sensing sound

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Cilia

Tiny hairs found in the inner ear that vibrates to enable hearing

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Cochlea

Snail shell shaped object in the inner ear that contains the cilia

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Range of hearing

Humans have a frequency range of 20-20,000 hz

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Longitudinal wave

Sound is

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Doppler radar

Type of weather radar that determines whether atmospheric motion is toward it away from radar